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PRACTICAL GEOGRAPHY 


AS TAUGHT IN THE 


MONITORIAL SCHOOL, BOSTON. 


JJart jFtnst. 



BY WILLIAM B. FOWLE. 
__ W 


Cl 


BOSTON: 

PUBLISHED BY T. p. & J- 8. FOWLE, 
No. 45, Comhill. 

1824 . 

Crtcker & Bravsttr , Printers. 

I 



DISTRICT OF MASSACHUSETTS: to wit: 

District Clerk's Office. 

RE IT REMEMBERED, that on the second day of August, A. D. 
1824, in the forty-ninth year of the Independence of the United States 
of America, William B. Foivle , of the said District, lias deposited in this 
office the title of a book, the right whereof he claims as Author, in the 
words following, to wit: 

“Practical Geography as taught in the Monitorial School, Boston. 
Part First. By William B. Fowle.” 

In Conformity to the Act of the Congress of the United States, 
intitled, “An act for the encouragement of learning, by securing the 
copies of maps, charts and books, to the authors and proprietors of such 
copies, during the times therein mentioned;” and also to an act, intit¬ 
led, “An act supplementary to an act, intitled, An act for the encourage¬ 
ment of learning, by securing the copies of maps, charts and books, to 
the authors and proprietors of such copies during the times therein 
mentioned; and extending the benefits thereof to the arts of designing, 
engraving and etching historical, and other prints.” 

JNO. W. DAVIS, 
Clerk of the District of Massachusetts . 

% S 3 __ 


PREFACE. 

The want of some Geography adapted to the 
System of Mutual Instruction has produced this 
publication. It it worthy of remark that books 
adapted to the new system are better calculated 
for instruction on the old plan than those com¬ 
monly used, whilst books on the old plan are en¬ 
tirely unfit for Monitorial Schools. 

The Second and Third Parts, comprising 
Statisticks, Comparative Geography, Astronomy 
as connected with Geography, and Ancient 
Geography, will be published as soon as possi¬ 
ble. The Parts may always be purchased 
separately. An improved Atlas is preparing, 
but these lessons may be used with any of the 
common school Atlasses. W. B. F. 

Cr 131 , ,1 




I 


V? 

O 


'TP 



INTRODUCTION 


TO 


GEOGRAPHY. 


SECTION 1. 


1. Q. What is the shape of the Earth? 

A. Round as a ball. 

It is expected that the monitor or instructer will 
read and explain the notes to the pupils until they 
are understood. If this be done , there will be no 
need of “committing them to memory ” as it is called. 

Note. The Earth is known to be round, because, 
1. Men have sailed round it, as a fly walks round an 
apple. 2. The Earth casts a round shadow upon the 
moon when it passes between the moon and the sun. 
A round shadow can only come from a round body. 

3. As we know all the other planets to be round, 
we may fairly conclude the Earth to be round also. 

4. The highest part of objects at a distance is seen 
before the lowest part of them, which would not be 
the case if the earth were flat or level. These proofs 
may be aimply illustrated. 

2. Q. What is meant by the circumference of 
the Earth? 

A. The distance round its outside. 

3. Q,. How many miles is the Earth in cir¬ 
cumference? 

A. Nearly twenty-five thousand miles. 


4 


4. Q. What is meant by the diameter of the 
Earth? 

A. The distance from one side to the other, 
through the centre. 

5. Q. How many miles is the Earth in 

diameter? 

A. About eight thousand miles. 

6. Q. Does the Earth move? 

A. Yes, it turns round once in 24 hours, or 
one of our days. 

7. Q. Does the Earth always turn in the 
same direction? 

A. Yes, it always turns from west to east. 

Note. Here let the Monitor or Instructer put a wire 
or stick through a ball or apple, and, holding the 
two ends, turn the apple round. Then let him 
remark, that as the Earth always turns in the same 
direction, there are two points upon its surface which 
appear to stand still for the rest to turn upon, as the 
two ends of the stick do. These two points or spots 
on the Earth are called the poles of the Earth, and an 
imaginary line drawn from one pole to the other is 
called the axis. 

8. Q. What is meant by the pales of the 
Earth? 

A. Those two opposite points on the Earth 
which appear to stand still while the rest of 
the Earth moves round. 

9. Q. What is meant by the axis of the 
Earth? 

A. An imaginary line drawn from one pole to 
the other for the Earth to turn upon. 

Note. Here teach the pupil to make a circle on his 
slate by making dividers of his pencil, thumb and 
forefinger Then let him draw a line from one side 
to the other for the axis. Call the two ends of the 


i 


5 


axis the poles. Write N. or North over one, and 
S. or South at the other. Then, at the right 
hand of north, write East, and at the left hand, West. 

10. Q,. When vve face north , which way is 
south? 

A. Behind us. 

11. Q,. When we face east , which way is 
south? 

A. At our right hand. 

12. Q. When we face south, which way is 
west? 

A. At our right hand. 

13. Q. When we face west which way is 
cast? 

A. Behind us. 

14. Q,. How may we know which way is 
east? 

A. By noticing where the suns rises or sets. 

Note. The Earth turns from west to east towards the 
sun, and the sun appears to rise in the east, passes 
over our heads, anil sets in the west. 

15. Q,. What is the Equator? 

A. A line drawn round the earth from west 
to east*, at an equal distance from the poles. 

Here let the pupil draw a circle , place dots for 
the poles , and then draw an Equator between them. 

16. Q,. What is Latitude? 

A. Distance from the Equator towards either 
pole, that is, either north or south of the 
Equator. 


Note. Latitude comes from a Latin word which 
means the side, for latitude ia reckoned fideivayt 
from the Equator. 

*1 


6 


17. Q,. What is Longitude? 

A. Distance reckoned east or west on the 
Earth. 

JYote. Longitude comes from a Latin word which 
means length , for longitude is reckoned lenglhwise 
of the Equator. That part of the Earih known to 
Ancient Geographers was longer from west to east 
than from north to south. 

18. Q. What is meant by a degree? 

A. The 860th part of any circle. 

Note. All circles are divided into 360 equal parts 
called degrees, and of course these parts or degrees 
will be longer or shorter, as the circle is larger or 
smaller. 

Let the pupil make three circles round one centre, and 
then draw a few lines from the centre to the outer 
circle. He will perceive that the smallest circle is 
divided into as many parts as the largest, but the 
parts are smaller. 

Soon the Earth,no circle drawn round the Earth north 
or south of the Equator can be as large as the Equa¬ 
tor, and the circles grow smaller and smaller until 
they reach the poles. 

Now the Equator is divided into 360 degrees of Longi¬ 
tude, and lines are drawn from those degrees to 
each pole, where they meet in a point. Take a 
glohe, or map of the world, and you will see thatlhe 
degrees grow narrower as you approach either pole, 
because the circles round the Earth grow smaller 
than-the Equator. 

19. Q,. How long is a degree of Longitude 
at the Equator? 

A. Sixty-nine and a half of our miles. 

20. Q,. Do degrees of Latitude diminish also 
as you approach the poles? 

A. No. Degrees of Latitude are as great at 
tbe poles as at the Equator. 

Note. From the Equator to either pole is just one 
quarter of the Earth’s circumfereuce, or one quarter 


7 


of a circle as big as the Equator. The Equator is 
divided into 360 degrees, and a quarter of 36(» is 90. 
There are then 90 degrees from any part of the 
Equator to either pole, and of course it is just as 
tar from one part of the Equator to the poles as 
from another part, and, if the space from the Equa¬ 
tor to the poles be divided into 90 equal parts or 
degrees, the ninetieth degree will be just as long as 
the first. 

21. Q.. How many degrees of north or south 
latitude may there be? 

A. Ninety of north, and ninety of south lati¬ 
tude. 

22. Q. How many degrees of east or west 
longitude may there be? 

A. 180 east, and 180 west from any place. 

Note. If we start east or west from any place we can¬ 
not go away from it more than 180 degrees, or half 
round the globe, for the instant we go beyond 180 
degrees we begin to approach the place we started 
from, aud 190 degrees of east longitude would be only 
170 of west. 

So with Latitude; if we go more than 90 degrees, or 
one quarter of the Earth, north or south from the 
Equator, instead of going farther from the Equator, 
we begin to approach it on the other side of the 
earth, and the hundredth degree reckoned from one 
side of the Equator would only be the eightieth from 
the other side. This may be easily explained on 
globes, but not on maps. 

Latitude is always reckoned from the equator, but 
longitude may be reckoned from ant place on 
the earth. Thus, if 1 start from Boston, I may go 
180 degrees east or west of Boston. If I start from 
London, I may go 180 degrees east or west of Lon- 
don, and so 1 in ay go half round the world either 
east or west of any place. 

But as the figures which mark the degrees of Longi¬ 
tude on maps cannot be changed, it is necessary to 
have but one place to reckon from. Formerly, 
Geographers, in making maps, reckoned from the 
chiel city of their own country, but this partiality at 


8 


last yielded to convenience, and they have generally 
agreed to reckon from London, or rather from 
Greenwich, a village within a few miles of London. 

On the map of the world, therefore, you will see a line 
drawn from pole to pole through London, and the 
degrees of Longitude are numbered east and west of 
it up to 180. 

23. Q. From what place must we begin to 
reckon Longitude? 

A. Longitude may be reckoned east or west 
from any place. 

24. Q. From what place is Longitude usual¬ 
ly reckoned on maps. 

A. From London. 

25. Q. What are the lines called, which are 
drawn from pole to pole and divide the circles 
into degrees? 

A. Meridians of Longitude. 

JYole. Meridian comes from a Latin word which 
means mid-day or noon. These lines tire called 
meridians or noon-lines because as the earth turns 
towards the sun from west to easi, all places through 
whieh the same meridian runs have noon at the same 
time. 

Take a ball or apple and draw a line from pole to pole. 
Then stiek pins on this line at various distances from 
each other. Hold it then in the sun’s rays or before 
a candle, and turn the ball round. You will perceive 
that all the pins, from pole to pole, come opposite the 
candle or light at the same moment. You will also 
notice that the nearer the pins are to the Equator 
the faster they move. A pin placed close to the 
pole is just as long going round the pole as a pin 
placed asrtue Equator is. If a man should stand 
still upon the spot where the pole is supposed to be, 
he would be just 24 hours in turning himself round, 
whilst a mau at the Equator would travel about 
25,000 mdes in the same time. 

26. Q,. What are the lines which are drawn 
from west to east on each side of the Equator 
called? 

A. parallels of Latitude. 


9 


Not*- Parallel lines, are lines running in the same 
direction. These parallels are the circles mentioned 
in the note to Question 19, which grow smaller as 
they approach the poles. On the globes, these lines 
are exactly parallel to the Equator, but on common 
maps, they are neither parallel to each other nor to 
the Equator. This is a serious error arising from a 
useless attempt to represent a globe upon a flat 
surface. 

Here let the pupil describe a circle on his slate, mark 
the poles and Equator, and then draw several paral¬ 
lels on each side of the Equator, taking care, how¬ 
ever, not to curve them. 

After the parallels are familiar to him, let him attempt 
the meridians. He will soon acquire considerable 
skill in drawing the straight parallels and curved 
meridians, but the following directions may save him 
some trouble. 

1. Always draw lines from the left hand to the right. 

2. In drawing parallels be guided by the Equator; that 
is, after you have drawn the southern parallels, turn 
the slate round and draw the northern, having the 
Equator to guide you as before. 

3. Before drawing the meridians, draw an axis. Then 
halve the distance between the axis and sides of the 
circle by dots on the Equator. Then halve these 
spaces by other dots, and so on, according to the 
number of meridians you wish to draw. Then rest¬ 
ing your arm on the side of your slate, place the 
pencil on the south pole and move it to the north 
pole, taking care to strike in your course the dot 
nearest the axis. Do so by the other dots, always 
beginning and ending at the very poles. 


27. Q. How long is a degree of Latitude? 

A. About sixty-nine and a half English miles. 

23. Q,. How long is a degree of Longitude? 

A. On the Equator, a degree of Longitude is 
as long as a degree of Latitude, but, the moment 
you advance north or south of the Equator, the 
degrees of Longitude grow shorter and shorter. 


Note. Sec the cause of this in Note to Question 19. 


10 


29. Q. What is a Hemisphere? 

A. Half a globe or ball. 

JVote. The impossibility of representing a globe upon 
a flat surface or map, without cutting it in two, often 
leads beginners into error. 

Thus they are apt to think there are two north and 
two south poles, because there is a north and south 
pole to each hemisphere. They are also apt to sup¬ 
pose that the eastern and western edges of the map 
are as widely separated as they appear to be. 

To remove these difficulties, take an apple or other 
round substance, and cutting it in two from pole to 
pole, lay the halves upon the map, then put them 
together as before they were cut, and it will be seen 
that the two edges which seem to be farthest apart' 
actually come together, and there will be hut two 
poles. 

If the earth be cut in halves from pole to pole, the 
hemispheres are called Eastern and Western. If it 
be cut from east to west at the Equator, the hemi¬ 
spheres are called Northern and Southern. 

It is desirable to have the maps of all countries on 
the same scale , that is, proportionate to their rela¬ 
tive sizes. Thus, to give the child a correct idea of 
the size of countries, instead of representing Europe 
and Asia on a map of the same size, the map of Asia 
should be four times as large as that of Europe. To 
require the child to reckon the Latitude and Longi¬ 
tude of countries in this place would be to anticipate 
a future lesson, for which he is not vet prepared. 
It will be well, therefore, only to mention the fact 
to him, and showing him countries on the map of 
the world, explain to him why they appear larger on 
different maps. Thus Europe on the map of the 
world is small, because all the world is crowded into 
the map. Europe, on the separate map, is larger, be¬ 
cause the rest of the world is left out, and Europe 
here covers as much paper as the whole world did 
in the other map. 

The larger the map of a country is, the more particu¬ 
lar we can be in marking the countries and towns 
on it. Italy, on the map of the world, is shaped like 
a boot, but has no towns or mountains marked on it. 
On the map of Europe, it is still shaped like a boot, 
but has towns and mountains on it. The little Italy 


11 


is, as it were, magnified. Children, also are apt to 
suppose that because the top of a map is north, the 
northern countries are higher than those south of 
them. To correct this error show them a globe, and 
placing your finger upon Doston bid them look at 
the north pole wdiioh will appear to be down. 

Show them also on the map of the world that several 
large rivers in Asia and America run north and 
empty into the ocean round the North pole. Water 
runs down hill, and by watching the course of rivers 
on a map you may easily determine which part of 
the country is highest and which lowest. Rivers 
usually rise in the highlands. 

And then to show them the nature of up and down, 
stick a pin in a globe or apple and let the head rep¬ 
resent the head of a man. When on the top of the 
hall, he calls over his head up, and when the earth 
has turned half round, and he is at the bottom, he 
still culls over his head up, although the opposite of 
what he before called up. 

30. Q. Of what is the surface or outside of 
the earth composed? 

A. Land and water. 

31. Q. What proportion of the Earth’s sur¬ 
face is water? 

A. There is about twice as much water as 
there is land. 

Note. In the following lesson examples of the differ¬ 
ent divisions of land and water must he pointed out 
on the maps until the pupils understand them, and 
then it will he a useful review to require each child 
to point out examples of each division, as long as he 
can find any. Practice of this sort will he of essential 
service, and indeed, no definitions can be understood 
by children unless demonstrated to their eyes. 

It may be well to remark to them, that a sea is to the 
land what a peninsula is to the water, a strait is like 
an isthmus, a lake like an island, and a gulf or bay 
like a cape, &c. 

The pupils may then call their slates water and draw 
the divisions of land on them, or call them land and 
draw the divisions of water. Their drawings will he 


12 


coarse at first, but practice will soon improve their 
No dividers or rules should be allowed, except fo 
drawing the lines of Latitude and Longitude. 

1. What is an Ocean? 

A. The largest division of water. 

%. What is a Continent? 

A. The largest division of land. 

3. What is a Sea? 

A. A large body of salt water nearly sui 
rounded by land. 

4. What is a Peninsula? 

A. Land nearly surrounded by water. 

5. What is a Strait? 

A. The narrow passage connecting larg 
bodies of water. 

6. What is an Isthmus? 

A. The narrow strip of land which connect 
a peninsula with the main land. 

7. What is a Lake? 

A A body of fresh w r ater surrounded by lan< 



Note. Small Lakes are called Ponds. 


8. What is an Island? 

A Land surrounded by water. 

9. What is a Gulf or Bay? 

A. W r ater projecting or running up into th 


land. 


Note. Small Bays are called Creeks, Haven 
Harbours, Roads, &c. 

10. What is a Cape or Promontory? 

A. A point of land projecting into the sea. 

11. What is a River? 

A. A stream of fresh water running fro« 
the land into some larger body of water. 


13 


Note. Small Rivers are called Brooks, Rivulets, Rills, 
Stc. 

12. What is a Mountain? 

A. A very high bill. 

Note. On ihe globes there is no fear of mistake, but 
on maps, which are Jlat representations of a round 
body, the pupil should be informed that all places on 
the same meridian are north or south of each other, 
and all on the same parallel are east or west of each 
other. In going north or south, east or west of any 
place, therefore, always follow the lines, although 
they may not go eKactly from top to bottom or side 
to side. 


SECTION II. 

Questions on the Map of the World. 

1. Which is the Western Hemisphere? 

2. Which is the Eastern Hemisphere? 

The instructer must always require the whole 
class to point at the place required , although but 
one may answer. 

3. How many Continents are there? 

A. Two, one in the Eastern, and one in the 
Western Hemisphere. 

4 What is the northern half of the Western 
Continent called? 

5. What is the southern half of the Western 
Continent called? 

6. What Grand Division of the Eastern 
Continent is at the north-west part of it? 

7. What Grand Division lies south of Europe? 

2 



14 


8. What Grand Division lies east of Europe 
and Africa? 

9. What Grand Division, surrounded by 
water, lies south-east of Asia? 

A. New Holland. » 

10. What large body of water separates 
Asia from America? 

11. What large body of water separates 
America from Europe and Africa? 

12. What large body of water lies south of 
Asia? 

13. What large body of water surrounds the 
North Pole? 

14. What large body of water surrounds the 
South Pole? 

15. Between what oceans is New Holland? 

16. Between what oceans does America lie? 

17. Which Continent extends farthest south, 
the Eastern or Western? 

18. Which Pole appears to have the most 
water around it? 

19. Does the Equator cross North or South 
America? 

20. Is Europe north or south of the Equator 7 

21. Is Europe in north or south Latitude? 

22. Is the greater part of Africa in north or 
in south Latitude? 

23. Does the Northern or Southern Hemi¬ 
sphere contain the most land? 

24. Is any part of the main land of Asia 
south of the Equator? 

25. Which Ocean appears to be the widest, 
the Atlantick or Pacifick? 

26. Why does half the Pacifick Ocean ap¬ 
pear on the east of the Eastern Hemisphere, 


15 


and half on the west of the Western Hemi¬ 
sphere? 

See Note after 2()th Question of Is* Section. 

JVote. As soon as the pupils begin to examine the 
maps, they are required to draw them. This is 
done on the slate, until they are tolerably well 
executed, and then on paper. No dividers or 
rules are used, the practised eye being sufficiently 
exact, and admitting of more despatch. The object 
is not so much to teach drawing, as the relative size, 
shape, and situation of countries Every map should 
be drawn so many times that the pupil from memory 
shall be able to sketch an outline of its leading 
points. To preserve the maps, and render them 
more convenient for use, the atlas should be taken 
apart* and each map pasted upon pasteboard. Those 
who have not tried this method can have no idea of 
its economy and convenience. 

Questions on the Map of the World reversed. 

1. What is a Continent? 

2. On which Continent are North and South 
America? 

3. On what Continent is Europe? 

4. Where is Asia? 

5. Where is New-Holland? 

6. Where is Africa? 

7. Where is the Pacifick Ocean? 

8. Where is the Atlantick Ocean? 

9. Where is the Indian Ocean? 

10. Where is the Arctick Ocean? 

11. Where is the Antarctick Ocean? 

12. What are Oceans? 

13. How many Oceans are there? 

14. Does the Northern or Southern Hemi¬ 
sphere contain the most water? 

15. What Grand Divisions does the Equator 
cross? 


16 

16. Which of them are entirely in North, 
Latitude ? 


Questions on the Map of North America. 

1. Does North America lie in North or 
South Latitude? 

2. What Ocean bdunds N. America on the 
east? 

3. What Ocean bounds it on the west? 

4. What Ocean bounds it on the north? 

5. What Gulf bounds it on the south? 

6. In what part of N. America are the 
United States. 

7. What land lies N. East of North America? 

6. What separates Greenland from North 

America? 

0. What settlements are there in the north¬ 
west of N. America? 

10. What are the inhabitants of the north¬ 
ern part of North America called? 

A. Esquimaux. Pronounced Es-ke-mo. 

11. What is the country east of Hudson’s 
Bay called? 

12. What British territory lies north of the 
U. States? 

13. W’hat British territory lies north-east of 
the U. States? 

14. What Peninsula south-east of New 
Brunswick? 

15. What is the most western part of the 
U. States territory called? 

16. What Spanish country is south of Louis¬ 
iana territory? 



17 


17. What Spanish province between Mexico 
and the United States? 

18. Which is most northerly, Old or New 
Mexico? 

19. What is the most southern part of North 
America called? s 

Peninsulas. 

20. What peninsula north-east ofU. States? 

21. What peninsula forms the south-east 
point of the U. States? 

22. What peninsula south of the Gulf of 
Mexico? 

23. What peninsula west of Mexico? 

24. What peninsula in the N. West of N. 
America. 


Capes. 

25. What Cape south of Greenland? 

26. What Cape south of Nova Scotia? 

27. What Cape south of Florida? 

28. What Cape south of California? 

29. What Cape where America and Asia 
nearly touch? 

30. What Cape a little farther north? 

Mountains. 

31. What chain of Mountains extends from 
Mexico to the Arctick Ocean? 

32. What Mountains run north-east through 
the U. States? 

33. What large ’\mlmftmk Mountain in the 
Russian territory? 

*2 


IS 


Gulfs. 

34. What Gulf between Labrador and Nova 

Scotia? 

35. What Gulf between East Florida and 
Mexico? 

56. What Gulf between California and 
Mexico? 


Bays. 

37. What Bay between Greenland and N. 
America? 

33. What Bay south of Baffin’s? 

Note. Baffin’s Bay is probably part of the Arcticfc 
Ocean. 

39. What Bay at the south of Hudson’s? 

40. What Bay between New Brunswick and 
Nova Scotia? 

41. What two Bays east of U. States? 

42. What Bay south of the Gulf of Mexico? 

43. What Bay east of Yucatan peninsula? 

Straits. 

44. What Strait at the entrance of Baffin’s 
Bay? 

45. What Strait at the entrance of Hudson’s 
Bay? 

46. What Strait between Labrador and 
Newfoundland? 

47. What Strait between Asia and America? 

Lakes. 

43. What is the largest Lake in N. America, 
at the west of Upper Canada? 


19 


49. What Lake joins Superiour on the east? 

50. What Lake joins Huron on the south¬ 
west? 

51. What small Lake joins Huron on the 
south? 

52. What large Lake joins St. Clair on the 
south? 

53. What Lake joins Erie on the north-east? 

54. What Lake north-west of Superiour? 

55. What Lake north-west of the Lake of 
the Woods? 

56. What two large Lakes north-west of 
Winnipeg? 

57. What Lake in Guatimala? 

Rivers. 

58. What river rises in Slave Lake and runs 
north into the Arctick Ocean? 

59. What other river empties into the Arc- 
tick Ocean, east of McKenzie’s? 

60. What river rises in the Stony Mountains 
and runs east into Lake Winnipeg? 

61. What river rises in Lake Winnipeg and 
runs east into Hudson’s Bay? 

62. What river, north of Nelson’s, runs into 
the same bay? 

63. What other river, south-east of Nel¬ 
son’s, runs into Hudson’s Bay? 

64. What large river runs east, and empties 
into James's Bay? 

65. What river connects Lake Ontario with 
the Atlantick Ocean? 

66. What river rises between Lake Supe¬ 
riour and Lake of the Woods, and runs south 
into the Gulf of Mexico? 


20 


67. What river rises in the Stony Mountains 
and run’s south-easterly into the Mississippi? 

68. W T hat river rises east of the Mountains 
of New Mexico, and runs south-east into the 
Gulf of Mexico? 

69. What river rises west of the same moun¬ 
tains, and runs south-west into the Gulf of Cali¬ 
fornia? 

70. What river rises in the Stony Mountains 
near the source of the Missouri, and runs west 
into the Pacifick Ocean? 

Islands. 

71. What Island east of Greenland? 

72. What Island east of the Gulf of St. 
Lawrence? 

73. What two large Islands north of Nova 
Scotia? 

74. What cluster of small Islands east of the 
U. States? 

75. What large cluster of Islands lie between 
North and South America? 

76. Which is the largest West India Island? 

77. Which is the next in size to Cuba? 

78. Which is next in size to Hayti or St. 
Domingo? 

79. Which is next in size to Jamaica? 

Towns and Cities. 

80. What town in Iceland? 

81. What town in the north-east of Labrador? 

82. What two cities on the St. Lawrence in 
Lower Canada? 

83. What town in N. Brunswick on the St. 
John’s? 


21 


04. What is the chief town of Nova Scotia? 

85. What town near the source of the Rio 
Bravo in New Mexico? 

86. What city south-west of the Bay of 
Campeachy? 

87. What is the capital x»f Mexico west of 
Vera Cruz? 

88. What city south of Mexico on the 
Pacifick? 

89. What is the chief town of Newfoundland? 

90. What is the chief town of Cuba? 

91. What of Hayti? 

92. What of Jamaica? 

Questions reversed. 

1. N. America is west of what Ocean? 

2. N. America is east of what Ocean? 

3. N. America is south of what Ocean? 

4. N. America is north of what Gulf? 

5. Where are the Spanish Dominions in N. 
America? 

6. Where are the British Dominions? 

7. Where are the U. States and their Terri¬ 
tories? 

8. Where are the Russian Settlements? 

9. What land does Bathn’s Bay separate 
from N. America? 

10. Where is Labrador? 

11. Where are Upper and Lower Canada? 

12. Which of them is most easterly? 

13. Where is New Brunswick? 

14. Where is Nova Scotia? 

15. Where is the Territory of Louisiana? 

16. Where is New Mexico? 


22 


17. Where is the province of Texas? 

18. Where are East and West Florida? 

19. Where is the peninsula of Greenland? 

20. Where is the peninsula of Florida? 

21. Where is the peninsula of Yucatan? 

22. Where is the peninsula of California? 

23. Where is the peninsula of Alaska? 

24. Where is Cape Farewell? 

25. Where is Cape Sable? 

26. Where is Cape St. Lucas? 

27. Where is Cape Prince of Wales? 

28. Where is Icy Cape? 

29. • Where are the Stony or Rocky Moun¬ 
tains? 

30. Where are the Alleghany Mountains? 

31. Where is the Gulf of St. Lawrence? 

32. Where is the Gulf of Mexico? 

33. Where is the Gulf of California? 

34. Where is Baffin’s Bay? 

35. Where is Hudson’3 Bay? 

36. Where is James’s Bay? 

37. Where is the Bay of Fundy? 

38. Where are Chesapeake and Delaware 
Bays? 

39. Where is the Bay of Campeachy? 

40. Where is the Bay of Honduras? 

41. Where is Davis’s Strait? 

42. Where is Hudson’s Strait? 

43. Where is the Strait of Belle Isle? 

44. Where is Bhering’s Strait? 


23 


45. Where is Lake Superiour? 

46. Where is Lake Michigan? 

47. Where is Lake Huron? 

48. Where is Lake Erie? 

49. Where is Lake Ontario? 

50. Where is Slave Lake? 

51. Where is Lake Arabasca? 

52. Where is Lake Winnipeg? 

53. Where is the Lake of the Woods? 

54. Where is Nicaragua Lake? 

55. Where is McKenzie’s River? 

56. Where is Coppermine River? 

57. Where is Saskashawan River? 

58. Where is Nelson’s River? 

59. Where is Churchhill’s River? 

60. Where is Severn River? 

61. Where is Albany River? 

62. Where is St. Lawrence River? 

63. Where is the Mississippi River? 

64. Where is the Missouri River? 

65. Where is the Rio del Norte or Rio 
Bravo? 

66. Where is the River Colorado? 

67. Where is the Columbia River? 

68. Where is Iceland? 

69. Where is Newfoundland? 

70. Where are St. John’s and Cape Breton? 

71. W T here are the Bermuda Islands? 

72. Where is Porto Rico? 

73. Where is Jamaica? 

74. Where is Hayti or St. Domingo? 

75. Where is Cuba? 


76. Where is Nain? 

77. Where is Quebec? 

78. Where is Montreal? 

79. Which is farthest up the river Montreal 
or Quebec? 

80. Where is Frederickstown? 

81. Where is Halifax? 

82. Where is Vera Cruz? 

83. Where is the City of Mexico? 

84. Where is Acapulco? 

85. Where are St. Johns and Bonavista? 

86. Where is Havana? 

87. Where is Port au Prince? 

88. Where is Kingston? 


Questions on the Map of South America. 

1. What Sea bounds S. America on the 
north ? 

2. What Ocean bounds it on the east? 

3. What Ocean bounds it on the south ? 

4. Wnat Ocean bounds it on the west? 

5. What Country is at the southern extrem¬ 
ity ? 

6. What Country north-east of Patagonia? 

7. What Country east of Chili? 

A. Buenos Ayres or La Plata. 

Note. This Territory has declared itself independent 
and assumed the title of The United Phovinces. 

8. What Country lies north-west of the 
United Provinces? 

9. What extensive Country lies east of the 
United Provinces and Peru? 

10. What Country north of Peru? 



25 


11. What small Provinces north of Brazil? 

12. Which is the largest, French, Dutch, or 
Portuguese Guiana? 

13. Which is the smallest? Jins. Dutch 
Guyana. 

14. What Country west and north of the 
Guianas? 

JVote. New Granada and Venezuela have declared 
themselves independent under the title of Tu£ 11e- 
fublick of Colombia. 

Capes. 

15. What is the most northern Cape of S. 
America called? 

16. What Cape in the north-east, at the 
entrance of the River Amazon? 

17. What is the most easterly cape of S. 
America ? 

18. What Capes at the mouth of the River 
La Plata in the United Provinces? 

19. What Cape at the southern extremity 
of S. America? 

20. What is the most western Cape of S. 
America? 

21. What Cape on the Coast of New 
Granada, opposite the City of Quito? 

Seas , Gulfs , Bays. 

22. What Sea is north of Venezuela? 

23. What Gulf in the north-west of New 
Granada? 

24. What Gulf in the north-west of Pata¬ 
gonia ? 

25. What Gulf south-west of New Granada? 

3 


26 


26. What Bay south of the Isthmus of 
Darien, north-west of New Granada? 

27. What Bay west of New Granada? 

28. What Bays east of Patagonia? 

Lakes. 

29. What Lake in the north-west of Vene¬ 
zuela? 

30. What Lake in the north-west corner of 
the United Provinces or Buenos Ayres? 

Rivers. 

31. What River in New Granada runs north 
and empties into the Caribbean Sea? 

32. What River rises in New Granada and 
runs a north-easterly course through Venezuela 
into the Atlantick. 

33. W'hat large River rises in the west, 
crosses South America, and falls into the Atlan¬ 
tick under the Equator? 

34. What principal branches of the Amazon 
run into it on the north? 

35. Which is the largest northern branch? 

36. What branches run into the Amazon on 
the south? 

37. Which is the largest southern branch? 

38. What River rises in the interior of 
Brazil and running north empties into the At¬ 
lantick near the Amazon? 

39. What River rises in the east of Brazil 
and runs north-easterly into the Atlantick? 

40. What two Rivers rise in Brazil, unite in 
the United Provinces, and forming the River La 
Plata fall into the Atlantick? 


27 


41. What River rises in the south of Brazil, 
runs south into the United Provinces, and falls 
into the La Plata? 

42. What River separates Patagonia from 
the United Provinces? 

43. What River north of the Negro takes 
the same direction into the Atlantick? 

Islands. 

44. What Island at the north-east of Vene¬ 
zuela? 

45. What Island at the mouth of the 
Amazon and Tocantines rivers? 

46. What Island south of Patagonia? 

47. What Islands north-east of Terra del 
Fuego? 

48. What Island south of Chili? 

49. What small Islands west of Chili? 

50. What Strait separates Terra del Fuego 
from Patagonia? 

51. What Peninsula north-east of Patagonia? 

52. What Isthmus north-west of New Gra¬ 
nada? 

53. What chain of mountains on the west¬ 
ern coast runs the whole extent of South 
America? 

64. Find Chimborazo, the highest peak of 
the Andes, in the south-west of New Granada. 

Cities or Towns. 

In New Granada. Find Santa Fe de Bogota, 
the Capital of the Republick of Colombia. 

Popayan, south-west of Santa Fe. 

Quito, south-west of Popayan. 

Guayaquil, south of Quito. 

Cuenca, south-east of Guayaquil. 


28 


Carthagena and St. Martha, on the Caribbean 
Sea. 

Porto Bello, north of the Isthmus of Darien. 
Panama, south of Porto Bello. 

In Venezuela, find 
Caraccas, in the north. 

Cumana and Barcelona, east of Caraccas. 
Maracaibo, at the entrance of the lake. 

St. Thomas on the Orinoco. 

In Dutch Guiana,find Demerara and Surinam. 
In French Guiana , Cayenne. 

In Peru. Lima, the Capital. 

Callao, the seaport of Lima. 

Guamanga and Cusco in the interior. 

Arequipa in the south, and Truxillo in the 
north-west. 

In Brazil, find 

Rio Janeiro or Saint Sebastian, the Capital. 
Bahia or St. Salvador, on All Saints Bay. 
Pernambuco south of Cape St. Roque. 

St. Felipe, south-east of the mouth of Tocan- 
tines River. 

Villa Rica, north of Rio Janeiro. 

Cuyasa, in the interior. 

In La Plata or the United Provinces. 

Buenos Ayres, the Capital, on the La Plata. 
Monte Video, on the same river, opposite. 
Assumption on the Paraguay. 

Potosi and La Paz in the north-west. 

Santa Fe on the Paraguay. 

In Chili. Santiago or St. Jago, the Capital. 
St. Juan, east of the Andes. 

Conception, a seaport on the Pacifick? 
Valparaiso, the seaport of St. Jago. 

In Patagonia there are no towns. 


29 


Questions on the Map of South America, reversed ,, 

1. What Sea is S. America south of? 

2. What Ocean is it east of? 

3. What Ocean is it north of? 

4. What Ocean is it west of? 

5. In what part is Patagonia? 

6. In what part is Buenos Ayres or the 
United Provinces? 

7. In what part is Chili? 

8. In what part is Brazil? 

9. In what part is Peru? 

10. In what part is New Granada? 

11. In what part is Venezuela? 

12. What Republick is formed of New 
Granada and Venezuela? 

13. Where are the Guianas? 

14. Where is Cape Vela? 

15. Where is North Cape? 

16. Where is Cape St. Roque? 

17. Where are Capes Maria and St. Antonio? 

18. Where is Cape Horn? 

19. Where is Cape Blanco? 

20. Where is Cape St. Francisco? 

21. Where is the Caribbean Sea? 

22. Where is the Gulf of Darien? 

23. Where is the Gulf of Chenes or Guay- 
tecas? 

24. Where is the Gulf of Guayaquil? 

26. Where are Bays Matthias and George ? 

26. Where is Buenaventura Bay? 

27. Wnere is the Bay of Panama? 

28. Where is Lake Maracaybo? 

*3 


I 



30 


29. Where is Lake Titicaca? 

30. Where is the River Magdalena? 

31. Where is the River Orinoco? 

32. Where is the River Amazon? 

33. Where are the Rivers Negro, Yupura? 

34. Where are the Rivers Madeira, Topayos 
and Chingu? 

35. Where is the River Tocantin? 

36. Where is the River St. Francisco? 

37. Where is the River La Plata? 

38. Where is the River Uraguay? 

39. Where is the River Parana? 

40. Where is the River Paraguay? 

41. What name does it take at its mouth? 

42. Where is the Island of Marajo or Juanes? 

43. Where is the Island of Terra del Fuego? 

44. Where are the Falkland Islands? 

45. Where is the Island of Chiloe? 

46. Where is Juan Fernandez? 


47. Where is Santa Fe de Bogata? Popayan? 
Quito? Guayaquil? Cuenca? St. Martha? Cartha- 
gena? Panama? Porto Bello? 

48. Where is Caraccas? Cumana? Barcelona? 
St. Thomas? 

49. Where is Demarara? Surinam? Cayenne? 

50. Where is Lima? Callao? Guamanga? 
Cusco? Arequipa? Truxillo? Rio Janeiro? Bahia? 
Pernambuco? St. Felipe? Villa Rica? Cuyasa? 

51. Where is Buenos Ayres? Monte Video? 
Assumption? Potosi? La Paz? Santa Fe? 

52. St. Jago? St. Juan? Conception? Val¬ 
paraiso? 


51 


Quest ions on the Map of Africa » 

1. What Sea bounds Africa on the north? 

2. What Sea and Ocean bounds it on the east? 

3. What Ocean on the south? 

4. What Ocean on the west? 

Countries. 

5. What is the southern part of Africa 
called? 

6. What Colony is at the very extremity? 

7. What coasts are north-east ofCaffraria? 

8. What are the smaller divisions of the 
coasts of Zanguebar and Mozambique? 

A. Inhambane , Monomotapa , Sabia , Sofola , 
Mozambique , Mocaranga , 4*c. 

9. What two Countries north-east of Zan¬ 
guebar and south-east of Abyssinia? 

10. What Country north-west of Adel? 

11. What Country north of Abyssinia? 

12. What is the southern part of Nubia 
called? 

13. What Territory west of Sennaar? 

14. What Country north of Nubia? 

15. What is the general name of the States 
in the north-west of Africa? 

16. What desert Country lies between 
Egypt and the States of Barbary? 

17. Which is the most eastern of the Bar¬ 
bary States? 

18. What State west of Tripoli? 

19. What State west of Tunis? 

20. What State west of Algiers? 

21 What is south of the Barbary States? 

22. What Country south-east of Sahara? 

23. What Country west of Soudan or Ni- 
gritia? 


32 


24. What south of Senegambia and the west¬ 
ern part of Nigritia? 

25. How is the sea coast of Upper Guinea 
divided? 

26. What smaller States are included in 
Upper Guinea? 

A. Ashantee, Dahomey, Benin, Biafra. 

27. What Country south of Upper Guinea? 

28. What are the smaller divisions of Lower 
Guinea? 

A. Loango, Congo, Angola, Benguela. 

29. What unexplored Country between 
Lower Guinea and Calfraria? 

30. What is the interior between Lower 
Guinea and Zanguebar called? 

31. What three small States north-west of 
Nigritia? 

A. Fezzan, Bornou and Darfur. 


32. What Isthmus connects Africa with 
Asia ? 


33. Which 
Africa ? 


Capes. 

the most northern Cape of 


Which is the most eastern Cape? 

Which is the most southern Cape? 
Which is the most western Cape? 

What Cape west of Morocco? 

What two Capes west of the Great 

Desert? 

39. What Cape west of Senegambia? 

, W J? at Ca P e in Upper Guinea, south of 
the Grain Coast? 


34. 

35. 

36. 

37. 

38. 


33 


41. What Cape south of the Gold Coast ? 

42. What Cape on the Benin Coast? 

43. What Cape south-west of Lower Guinea? 

44. What Cape east of Jnhambane? 

45. What Cape north-east of Mozambique? 

46. What Cape east of Ajan? 

Mountains. 

47. What Mountains run east and west 
through the Barbary States? 

48. What Mountains between Nigritia and 
Upper Guinea? 

49. What Mountains extend from Abyssinia 
to Upper Guinea? 

50. What Mountains on the coast of Mozam¬ 
bique and Zanguebar? 

51. What high Mountain in one of the 
Canary Islands? 


Gulfs and Bays. 

52. What Gulf between Tripoli and Barca? 

53. What Gulf between Tripoli and Tunis? 
A. Cabes. 

54. What Gulf south of Upper Guinea? 

55. What Bay just north of the Cape of 
Good Hope? 

50 What Bay in the north-west ofCaffraria? 
67. What Gulf between Adel and Arabia? 

A. Gulf of Adel. 


Lakes. 

58. What Lake west of the Lupata moun¬ 
tains? 



34 


59. What Lake in Abyssinia? 

60. What Lake in the centre of Nigritia? 

61. What Lake near the city of Houssa in 
Nigritia? 

A L. Soudan. 


Rivers. 

62. What River rises in the Mountains of 
the Moon, and runs north through Abyssinia, 
Nubia and Egypt into the Mediterranean? 

63. What large River, whose source and 
mouth are unknown, runs from east to west 
through Nigritia? 

64. What River of Senegambia runs west 
and falls into the Atlantick, north of Cape Verd? 

66. What River of Senegambia runs w'est 
and falls into the Atlantick just south of Cape 
Verd? 

66. What other River of Senegambia falls 
into the same Ocean south of the Gambia? 

67. What River rises in the south of Upper 
Guinea and separates Loango from Congo in 
Lower Guinea? 

68. What is the largest River in Caffraria 
running west into the Atlantick? 

69. What other Rivers are in Caffraria? 

70. What considerable River rises in Ethio¬ 
pia, crosses the Lupata Mountains and falls into 
the channel of Mozambique ? 

A. R. Zambezi/ or Cuama. 

Islands. 

71. What Island lies east of Mozambique? 

72. What cluster of Islands in the channel 
of Mozambique ? 


35 


73. What two clusters north-east of Mada¬ 
gascar? 

74. What two Islands east of Madagascar? 

75. What Islands west of Morocco? 

76. What Islands north-west of the Ma- 
deiras? 

77. What Islands south of the Madeiras? 

78 What cluster west of Cape Verd? 

79. What Island belonging to the U. States, 
at the south-west of Senegambia? 

80. What Islands in the Gulf of Guinea? 

81- What Island south of Cape Palmas? 

82. What Island south-west of St. Matthew? 

83. What Island south of St. Matthew and 
west of Cape Negro? 

84. What Island west of the Cape of Good 
Hope? 

A. Tristan de Acunha. 

Towns. 

In Abyssinia find Gondar and Axum. 

In Nubia find Sennaar and Dongola. 

In Egypt find Cairo on the Nile. 

Alexandria, Rosetta, Damietta on the Medi¬ 
terranean. 

In Darfur find Cobbe 
In Burnou find Bornou. 

In Fezzan find Mourzouk. 

In Barca find Augela (in the interior,) Derna 
on the sea coast. 

In Tripoli , 4 

In Tunis , (. Find the city of the same name. 

In Algiers , \ 

In Morocco find Morocco, Tafilet, Fez, 


36 


Mequinez, Mogadore, Tangier, Sallee. 

In JSigritia find Tombuctoo, Houssa, Sego. 

In Senegambia find Sierra Leone, an English 
colony. 

In Upper Guinea find Abomy, Benin, and 
Cape Mesurado, an American settlement south 
of Sherbro island. 

In Lower Guinea find Loango, St. Salvador, 
Loanda, Benguela. 

In Adel find Adel on Hawash river and Zeila 
on Zeila Bay. 

In Ajan , find Magadoxa. 

In Zanguebar , find Melinda, Quiloa, Mozam¬ 
bique. 

In Caffraria find Cape Town, an English 
settlement, and Latakoo. 

In the Madeira Isles find Funchal. 

hi the Canaries , Palma. 

In the Cape Verds , St. Jago. 

In the Azores, Terceira. 

Questions on the Map of Africa reversed. 

1. What Sea is Africa south of? 

2. What Sea separates Africa from Asia ? 

3. What Ocean is Africa west of? 

4. What Ocean is Africa east of? 

5. Where is Caffraria? 

6. Where is the Colony of the Cape? 

7. Where are the Coasts of Zanguebar and 

Mozambique? 

8. Where are Inhambane? Menomotapa? 

Sabia? Sofola? Mozambique? Mocaranga? 

9. Where are Ajan and Adel? 


37 


10. Where is Abyssinia? 

11. Where is Nubia? 

12. Where is Egypt? 

13. Where is Sennaar? 

14. Where is Darfur? 

15. Where is Bornou? 

16. Where is Fezzan? 

17. Where is the desert country of Barca? 

18. Where are the Barbary States? 

19. Where is Morocco? 

20. Where is Tripoli? 

21. Where is Algiers? 

22. Where is Tunis? 

23. Where is the Desert of Sahara? 

24. Where is Soudan or Nigritia? 

25. Where is Senegambia? 

26. Where is Upper Guinea? 

27. Where is Congo? 

28. Where is Benguela? 

29. Where is Cimbebas? 

30. Where is Loango? 

31. Where is Angola? 

32. Where is the isthmus of Suez? 

33. Where is Cape Bon? 

34. Where is Cape Guardafui? 

35. Where is Cape Verd? 

36. Where is Cape Blanco? 

37. Where is Cape Bajador? 

38. Where is Cape Palmas? 

39. Where is Cape Three Points? 

40. Where is Cape Formosa? 

41. Where is Cape Negro? 

42. Where is Cape Corientes? 

43. Where is Cape Delgado? 

4 


38 


44. Where is the Atlas range of mountains? 

45. Where are the Mountains of the Moon? 

46. Where are the Kong Mountains? 

47. Where are the Mountains ofLupata? 

48 Where is the Peak of Teneriffe? 

43. Where is the Gulf of Sidra? 

50. Where is the Gulf of Cabes? 

51. Where is the Gulf of Guinea? 

52. Where is Table Bay? 

53. Where is Delagoa Bay? 

54. Where is the Gulf of Adel? 

55. Where is Lake Maravi? 

56. Where is Lake Dembea? 

57. Where is Lake Wangara? 

58. Where is Lake Soudan? 

59. Where is the River Nile? 

60. Where is the River Niger? 

61. Where is the River Senegal? 

62. Where is the River Gambia? 

63. Where is the Rio Grande? 

64. Where is the River Zaire? 

65. Where is the Orange River? 

66. Where are Eliphants, Gauritz and Great 
Fish Rivers? 

67. Where is the River Zambezy or 
Cuama? 

68. Where is the Island of Madagascar? 

69. Where are the Comoro Isles? 

70. Where are the Admiralty or Almirante 
and Mahe Isles? 

71. Where are the Isles of France or Mau¬ 
ritius, and Bourbon? 


39 


72. Where are the Madeira Islands? 

73. Where are the Azores? 

74. Where are the Canaries? 

75. Where are the Cape Verds? 

76. Where is Sherbro Island? 

77. Where are Fernando Po, Prince’s, and 
St. Thomas Island? 

78. Where is St. Matthew’s? 

79. Where is Ascension Island? 

80. Where is St. Helena? 

81. Where is Tristan de Acunha? 

82. Where are Gondar and Axum? 

83. Where are Sennaar and Dongola? 

84. Where is Cairo? 

83. Where are Alexandria, Rosetta and 

Damietta? 

86. Where is Cobbe? 

87. Where is Bornou? 

88. Where is Mourzouk? 

89. Where are Augela and Derna? 

90. Where is Tripoli? 

91. Where is Tunis? 

92. Where is Algiers? 

93. Where are Morocco, Tablet, Fez, Me- 
quinez, Mogadore, Tangier, and Sallee. 

94. Where are Tombuctoo. Houssa and 

Sego ? 

95. Where is the English settlement of 
Sierra Leone? 

96. Where is Cape Mesurado, an American 
settlement? 

97. Where are Abomy and Benin? 

98. Where are Loango? St. Salvador? Lo- 
anda? Benguela? 

99. Where are Adel and Zeila? 


40 


100. Where is Magadoxa? 

101. Where are Melinda, Quiloa and Mo¬ 
zambique ? 

102. Where is Cape Town, an English 
settlement? 

103. Where is Latakoo? 

104. Where is Funchal? 

105. Where is St. Jago? 

106. Where is Terceira? 


Questions on the Map of Asia. 

1. What Ocean bounds Asia on the north? 

2. What Ocean on the east? 

3. What Ocean on the south? 

4. How is it bounded west? 

A. By the Red *S'ea, Mediterranean , Black Sea 
and Europe. 

5. What does the Red Sea separate it from? 

6. W hat does the Black Sea separate it from? 

7. What country extends across the north of 
Asia ? 

8. What country south of Siberia? 

9. What is the eastern part of Tartary 
called? 

10. What small states between the Caspian 
and Black Seas? 

A. Georgia , Armenia , and Circassia. 

11. What is the western part of Tartary 

called? J 

12. What Country borders on the Red Sea? 

13. What Country is north of Arabia? 

14. What Country is north-east of Arabia? 

15. What Country is south-east of Persia? 


41 


16. What Country north-east of Hindoostan? 

17. What Empire south of Thibet? 

18. What Empire east of Thibet? 

Note. The Chinese Empire includes China Proper, 
Chinese Tartary, Thibet, and Corea. 

19. What Country east of the Birman 
Empire ? 


Peninsulas. 

20 The most southern country of Asia is a 
peninsula, what is it called? 

21. What Peninsula north-east of China? 

22. What Peninsula in the north-east of 
Siberia? 

23. What Peninsula south of Turkey in 
Asia ? 

24. What Isthmus connects Asia with Africa? 

Capes. 

25. What Cape north-east of Siberia (making 
one side of Bhering's Strait.) 

26. What Cape north of Siberia? 

27. What Cape south of Hindoostan? 

28. What Cape south of Kamtschatka? 

Mountains. \ 

29. What Mountains between the north of 
Asia and Europe? 

30. What range of Mountains between 
Siberia and Chinese Tartary? 

31. What Mountains between the Black and 
Caspian Sea? 

*4 


42 


32. What mountains between Chinese and 
Independent Tartary? 

33. The highest Mountains in the world are 
between Hindoostan and Thibet. What are 
they called? 

34. What Mountains separate Asia Minor 
from the rest of Turkey in Asia? 

35. What Mountains in the south of Hin¬ 
doostan? 

36. What Desert in Chinese Tartary? 

37. What Desert between Persia and Hin¬ 
doostan? 

38. What Desert in Arabia? 

Seas. 

39. What Sea between Arabia and Hindoos¬ 
tan? 

Note. This is more properly a Gulf. 

40. What Sea west of Turkey in Asia? 

41. What Sea between Arabia and Africa? 

42. What Sea north of Persia? 

43. What Sea east of the Caspian, in Tartary? 

Note. The Caspian and Aral Seas are more properly 
Lakes. 

44. What Sea south of China, Tonkin, <^c. 

45. What Sea between China and the pen¬ 
insula of Corea? 

46. What Sea between Kamtschatka and Si¬ 
beria? 

47. What Sea between the Fox Islands and 
the Strait of Bhering, between Asia and America? 

48. What Sea north of Turkey in Asia? 

49. What smaller Sea north of the Black? 


43 


Gulfs. 

50. What Gulf in the north-west of Siberia ? 

51. What Gulf between Persia and Arabia? 

52. What Gulf at the entrance of the Persian? 

53. What Gulf west of Hindoostan? 

54. What Gulf south of the Birman Empire? 

55. What Gulf east of Tonkin? 

56. What Gulf east of Tartary and Corea? 

57. What Bay between Hindoostan and the 
Birman Empire? 

Note. This is sometimes called the Sea of Japan. 

Straits. 

58. What Strait at the entrance of the Red 
Sea? 

59. What Strait at the entrance of the Per¬ 
sian Gulf? 

60. What Strait between the peninsula of 
Malaya and the Island of Sumatra? 

61. What Strait between Sumatra and Java? 

A. Sunda. 

62. What Strait between Borneo and Celebes? 

A. Macassar. 

63 What Strait between Corea and the Ja¬ 
pan Isles? 

64. What Strait or Channel between Tar¬ 
tary and Saghalien Island? 

65. What Strait between New Holland and 
.Van Dieman’s Land? 


Lakes. 

66. What Lake in the south-east of Siberia? 

67 . What Lake west of Baikal in Tartary? 



44 


* 68. What Lake in the north-west of Chinese 
Tartary, A. Palkati. 

Rivers. 

69. What two Rivers rise in Mt. Taurus 
run south-east, and empty by the same mouth 
into the Persian Gulf? 

70. What River rises in the mountains north 
of Persia and runs south into the Sea of Arabia? 

71. What River of Hindoostan runs west and 
falls into the Gulf of Cambay? 

72. What two Rivers rise in the Gaut Moun¬ 
tains, and running east through Hindoostan, 
empty into the Bay of Bengal? 

73. What River rises in the Himmaleh 
Mountains, and crossing the north of Hindoostan, 
empties into the Bay of Bengal? 

74. What River rises in Thibet, and falls 
into the Bay of Bengal, near the mouth of the 
Ganges? 

75 What River in the Birman Empire emp¬ 
ties into the Gulf of Siam? A. Meinham. 

76. What River west of the Meinham flows 
into the Bay of Bengal? A. Thalian. 

77. What other River in the Birman Empire 
rises in Thibet and falls into the Bay of Bengal, 
west of the Thalian? 

78. What River rises in Thibet and separates 
Tonkin from the Birman Empire? 

A. Mecon or Cambodia. 

79. What River rises in Thibet and runs 
through the centre of China into the Yellow Sea? 

80. What River rises in the south of Chi¬ 
nese Tartary, runs through the north of China, 
and empties into the Yellow Sea? A. Ho-ang-ho. 


45 

• i 

81. What River rises in the Altaian or 
Yablonoy Mountains, and empties into the Sea 
of Okotsk? 

82. What River rises in the same part of 
the Altaian Chain, and runs into the Northern 
Ocean? 

83. What River rises west of Lake Baikal, 
and runs into the Northern Ocean? 

84. What River rises west of the Yenisei, 

in the Altaian Chain, and runs into the Gulf of 
Obi? 

85. What River comes from Europe, south 
of the Ural Mountains, and empties into the 
Caspian Sea? 

86. What River rises in the south-west of 
Siberia and runs south into the Caspian Sea? 

87. What River rises in the north of Persia 
and runs north into the Aral Sea? 

Islands. 

88. What large Island north of the boundary 
between Europe and Asia? 

89. What large Island in the Levant , or 
eastern part of the Mediterranean? 

90. What Island west of Hindoostan, near 
the Gulf of Cambay? A. Bombay. 

91 What two clusters of Islands oft' the 
south-we^t coast of Hindoostan? 

92. What large Island south-east of Hin¬ 
doostan ? 

93. What two clusters west of the Birman 
Empire ir» the Bay of Bengal? 

94. What Island south of the Peninsula 
of Malaya? 

95. What Island south-east of Sumatra? 

A. Java. 




46 


96. What is the largest of the cluster south¬ 
east of Java? A. Timor. 

Note. Sumatra, Java, and Timor, with the smaller 
Islands near them, are called the Sunda Isies. 

97. What large Island is east of Malaya? 

98. What cluster north-east of Borneo? 

99. What is the largest of the Philippines 

called? * 

100. What is the next in size called? 

101. What large, irregular Island south-east 
of Borneo? 

102. What cluster east of Celebes? 

A. Moluccas or Spice Islands 

103. What are their names? 

A. Gilolo , Ceram, Booroo, Amboyna, Banda. 

104. What Island east of the Gulf of Tonkin? 

105. What Island south-east of China? 

106. What cluster of Islands east of China? 

107. What cluster east of Chinese Tartary? 

108. What is the largest of the Japan Islands 
called? 

109. What the next in size? 

110. What large Island north of Jesso? 

111. What Islands extend from the Peninsula 
of Kamtschatka in Asia, to the Peninsula of Alaska 
in America? 


Note. The Sunda Isles, Philippines, Spice Islands, 
with Borneo and Celebes, are what are usually called 
the East Indies. South-east, and south of these is a 
large cluster called by the general name of Austral¬ 
asia. As on small maps they cannot easily be put in 
their proper place, they are often in a small square 
on a corner of the map. 

112. Which is the largest Island of Austral¬ 
asia? 


47 


113. What large Island north of New Hol¬ 
land ? 

114. What is the nearest Island east of New 
Guinea? 

115. What north of New Britain? 

116. What cluster south-east of New Britain? 

117. What Island south-east of New Guinea? 

118. What cluster south-east of Solomon's 
Isles? 

119. What Island south of the New Hebrides? 

120. What Island south of New Holland? 

121. What large Island south-east of New 
Holland? A. New Zealand. 

Note. There are several other clusters east of the 
East Indies, which go by the general name of Poly¬ 
nesia. They are not often on the map of Asia, but 
may be found on the Map of the World. 

122. What cluster of Islands east of Min¬ 
danao? 

123. What cluster east of the Pelews? 

124. What cluster north of the Carolines? 

125. Find the Sandwich Isles. 

Friendly Isles. Marquesas. 
Society Isles. Mulgraves. 
Fejee, and Navigator’s Islands. 


Cities or Towns. 

In Russian Asia. 

126. What City is at the confluence or meet¬ 
ing of the Tobol and Irtish Rivers? 

127. What City south-east of Tobolsk on the 
Tom, a branch of the Obi? A. Tomsk. 


48 


128. What City south of Tomsk on the same 
River? 

129. What City on the Ural River? 

A. Orenburg. 

130. What City near the mouth of the Volga? 

131. What City near Lake Baikal? 

132. What City in the interior, on the River 
Lena? 


In Asiatick Turkey. 

133. What City in the north-east corner of 
the Levant? 

134. What Cities south of Aleppo? 

135. What Cities on the River Tigris? 

136. What City near the mouth of the Eu¬ 
phrates? 

137 What City on the east of the Archi¬ 
pelago? A. Smyrna. 

In Independent Tartary. 

138. What is the Capital City on a branch 
of the Jihon? A. Samarcand. 

In Persia. 

139. What is the Capital City, south of the 
Caspian Sea? 

140. What is the ancient Capital, south of 
Teheran? 

141. What City south of Ispahan? A. Shiraz. 

In Arabia. 

142. What City on the Strait of Babelmandel? 

143. What City just north of Mocha? 


49 


144. What City near the Red Sea, north of 
Sana? 

145. What City north of Mecca? 

146. What Sea-port near Mecca? A. Jidda. 

147. What City near the Gull of Orraus? 

In Hindooslan. 

148. What English City at the mouth of the 
Ganges ? 

149. What City on the Ganges, north-west 
of Calcutta? 

150. What City nearer the source of the 
Ganges, in the north of Hindoostan? 

151. Find Madras on the eastern Coast. 

152. Seringapatam, south-west of Madras. 

153. Goa and Bombay on the western 
Coast. 

154. What Town on the Gulf of Cambay? 

Birman Empire. 

155. Find Ummerapoora, the Capital, on 
the Irawaddy. 

156. Rangoon, on the Bay of Martaban. 

157. Siam, in Siam. 

158. Kesho, in Tonkin. 

159. Malacca in Malaya. 

160. Cambodia on the Mecon. 

161. Find Cashgar in the west of Chinese 

Tartary. 

162. Lassa the Capital of Thibet on the 
Burrarapooter. 


In China. 

163. What is the Capital City, near the 
Chinese Wall and Yellow Sea? 

5 


50 


164. What other large City, near the mouth 
of the Kiang Ku? 

165. What is the chief Sea-port in the south 
of China? 

166. What Towns in Ceylon? Candy , Co- 
lumbo , Trincomaly. 

167. What Town in Sumatra? Bencoolen. 

168. What Town in Java? Batavia. 

169. What Town in Borneo? Borneo. 

170. What Town in Luzon? Manilla. 

171. What Town in Celebes? Macassar. 

172. What is the Capital of Niphon? Jeddo. 

173. What other Town in Niphon? Meaco. 

174. What Town in Kiusiu? Nagasaki. 
J75. What is the chief English Settlement in 

the south-east of New Holland? Port Jackson. 

Note. The British Government, instead of executing 
all their criminals, banish many of them to Port 
Jackson. The Colony consists of nearly 100,000 
inhabitants. 


Questions on the Map of Asia reversed. 

1. Asia is south of what Ocean? 

2. Asia is east of what Ocean? 

3. Asia is north of what Ocean? 

4. What Mountains separate the north of 
Asia and Europe? 

5. What Rivers of Europe form part of the 
boundary line between Europe and Asia? 

6. Where is the Sea of Azoph? 

7. Where is the Black Sea? 

8. Where is the Levant, or eastern part of 
the Mediterranean? 



51 


9. Where is the Red Sea? 

10. Where is Siberia? 

11. Where is Tartary? 

12. Which part of Tartary belongs to China? 

13. What separates Chinese Tartary from 
China? 

14. Where is Thibet? 

15. Where is Independent Tartary? 

16. Where is Arabia? 

17. Where are the Turkish dominions in 
Asia? 

13. Where are Georgia, Armenia and Cir¬ 
cassia? 

19. Where is Persia? 

20. Where is the Birman Empire? 

2J. Where is Tonkin? 

22. Where is Hindoostan? 

23. What Countries form the Chinese Em¬ 
pire? 

24. Where is the Peninsula of Kamtschatka? 

25. Where is the Peninsula of Corea? 

26. Where is the Peninsula of Malaya? 

27. Where is the Peninsula of Arabia? 

28. Where is the Isthmus of Suez? 

29. Where is East Cape? 

30. Where is Cape Lopalka? 

31. Where is Cape Taymour? 

32. Where is Cape Comorin? 

33 Where is the Desert of Cobi? 

34. What separates Persia from Hindoostan? 

35. What Desert is in the interior of Arabia? 

36. Where are the Ural Mountains? 


52 


37. Where are the Altaian Mountains? 

38. Where are the Caucassian Mountains? 

39. Where is Belur Tag, or the Cloudy 
Mountains? 

40. Where are the Himmaleh Mountains? 

41. Where is Mount Taurus? 

42. Where are the Gaut Mountains? 

43. Where is the Caspian Sea? 

44. Where is the Aral Sea? 

45. Where is the China Sea? 

46. Where is the Yellow Sea? 

47. Where is the Sea of Okotsk? 

48. Where is Bhering’s Sea? 

49. Where is the Gulf of Obi? 

50. Where is the Persian Gulf? 

61. Where is the Gulf of Ormus? 

52. Where is the Gulf of Cambay? 

53. Where is the Gulf of Siam? 

54 Where is the Gulf of Tonkin? 

55. Where i9 the Gulf of Corea? 

56. Where is the Bay or Gulf of Bengal? 

57. Where is the Sea or Gulf of Arabia? 

58. Where is Bhering’s Strait? 

59. Where is the Strait of Babelmandel? 

60. Where is the Strait of Ormus? 

61. Where is the Strait of Malacca? 

62. Where is the Strait of Sunda? 

63. Where is the Strait of Macassar? 

64. Where is Bass’s Strait? 

65. Where is the Strait of Corea? 

66. Where is the Channel of Tartary? 

67. Where is Lake Baikal? 

68. Where is Lake Tchany? 


53 


69. Where is Lake Palkati? 

70. Where is the River Euphrates? 

71. Where is the River Tigris? 

72. Where is the River Indus? 

73. Where is the Nerbudda? 

74. Where are the Kristna and Godavery? 

75 Where is the Rirer Ganges? 

76. Where is the Burrampooter? 

77. Where is the Meinham? 

78. Where is the Thalian? 

79. Where is the Irawaddy? 

80. Where is the Mecon or Cambodia? 

81. Where is the Kiang Ku? 

82. Where is the Ho-ang-ho? 

83. Where is Saghalien or Amour River? 

84. Where is the Lena? 

85. Where is the Yenisei? 

86. Where is the Obi? 

87. What Rivers meet and form the Obi? 

88. Where is the Volga? 

89. Where is the Don? 

90. Where is the Ural River? 

91. Where is the River Jihon? 

92. Where is Nova Zemhla? 

93. Where is Cyprus? 

94. Where is the small Island of Bombay? 

95. Where are the Laccadives? 

96. Where are the Maldives? 

97. Where is Ceylon? 

98. Where are Andaman and Nicobar Isl¬ 
ands? 

99. Where is Sumatra? 

100. Where is Java? 

101. Where is Timor? 

*5 


54 


102. What Islands are called the Sunda Isles? 

105. Where is Borneo? 

104. WJiere is Luzon? 

105. Where is Mindanao? 

106. To what cluster do Luzon and Minda¬ 
nao belong? 

107. Where is Celebes? 

108. Of what cluster are Gilolo and Booroo? 

109. Where are the Spice Islands? 

110. Where is Hainan? 

111. Where is Formosa? 

112. Where are the Loo Choo Islands? 

113. Where is Niphon? 

114. Where is Jesso? 

115. Where is Kiusiu? 

116. To what cluster do Niphon, Jesso, and 
Kiusiu belong? 

117. Where is Saghalien Island? 

118. Where are the Fox Islands? 

119. What Islands are called the East Indies? 

120. Which way from the East Indies lies 
Australasia ? 

121. Where is New Guinea? 

122. Where is New Britain? 

123. Where is Van Diemen’s Island? 

124. Where is New Caledonia? 

125. Where are Solomon’s Isles? 

126. Where are the New Hebrides? 

127. Where is New Zealand? 

128. Which way from the East India Islands 
does Polynesia lie? 

129. Where are the Pelew Isles? 

130. Where are the Carolinas? 

131. Where are the Ladrones? 

132. Where are the Friendly Isles? 

133. Where are the Society Isles? 


134. Where are the Marquesas? 

135. Where are the Mulgraves? 

136. Where are the Fejee Islands? 

137. Where are the Navigator’s Islands? v 

138. Where are the Sandwich Islands? 

139. Where is Tobolsk? Tomsk? IColhy- 
vane? Oremburg? Astrachan? Orkutsk? 
Yakutsk? 

140. Where is Aleppo? Damascus? Jeru¬ 
salem? Diarbekir? Bassora? Bagdad? Smyrna? 
Teflis? 

141. Where is Samarcand? 

142. Where is Teheran? Ispahan? Shiraz? 

143. Where is Mocha? Sana? Mecca? 
Medina? Jedda? Muscat? 

144. Where is Calcutta? Benares? Delhi? 
Madras? Seringapatam? Goa? Bombay? Surat? 

145. Where is Ummerapoora? Rangoon? 
Siam? Kesho? Malacca? Cambodia? 


146. 

Where is Cashgar? 

147. 

Where is Lassa? 

148. 

Where is Pekin? Nankin? Canton? 

149. 

Where are Candy, Columbo, and Trin- 

comaly? 

150. 

Where is Bencoolen? 

151. 

Where is Batavia? 

152. 

Where is Manilla? 

153. 

Where is Macassar? 

154. 

Where is Jeddo? Meaco ? 

155. 

Where is Nagasaki? 

156. 

Where is Port Jackson? 


Questions on the Map of Europe. 

1. In what Latitude is Europe Situated, north 
or south? 


56 


2. What grand division of the globe bounds 
Europe on the east? 

3. What Ocean bounds Europe on the west? 

4. What Ocean on the north? 

5. What Sea on the south? 

6. What quarter of the world on the south? 

Kingdoms. 

7. What Country in the north-west of Eu¬ 
rope? 

8. What Country in the north-east of Europe? 

9. What Country between Norway and 
Russia? 

10. What is the northern part of Norway 
and Sweden called? 

1;. What peninsular Country south of Swe¬ 
den and Norway? 

12. To what Country is Denmark joined? 

Note. Germany is a confederation or union of thirty- 
nine small states for their common protection. Each 
state is governed by its own magistrates and laws, 
but there is a general government called the Diet, 
which settles questions in which all the states are 
concerned. This Diet consists of deputies from all 
the states, much like the Congress of the U States. 
The principal of the states are Austria and Prussia, 
(which are usually described as separate kingdoms;) 
the smaller kingdoms of Bavaria, Saxony, Hanover, 
and Wurtemburg; the Electorate of Hesse, and the 
Grand Dutehies ot Baden, Hesse-Darmstadt, Lux¬ 
embourg and Holstein. The other stales are called 
Dutehies and Principalities. 

13. What Country lies west'of Russia on the 

Baltick Sea? 

14. What is that part of Russia south of 

Prussia called? 


57 

15. What Country south of Poland and 
Prussia? 

16. What is the eastern part of Austria called? 

17. What Country south of Hungary? 

18. What is the southern part of Turkey 
called? 

19. What kingdom north-west of Germany? 

20. What is the most western Country of 
Europe? 

21. What Country east of Portugal? 

22. What Country joins Spain on the north? 

23. What mountainous Country south of 
Germany, east of France? 

24. What peninsular Country south-east of 
Switzerland, and west of Turkey? 

J\'ote. Italy contains several independent states. At 
the south is the kingdom of Naples; in the middle is 
the Territory belonging to the Church of Rome and 
governed by the Pope; Sardinia and the Territory 
north and west of Genoa form the kingdom of Sar¬ 
dinia; in the north-east is the kingdom of Lombardy 
subject to Austria; south of Lombardy are the small 
states of Parma and Modena, and between these and 
the Territory of the Church is Tuscany. Corsica 
belongs to France, and Sicily to Naples. Malta 
belongs to England. 

25. What Kingdom in the south part of Italy? 

26. What Kingdom north of France? 

Note. England, Ireland and Scotland were once 
independent kingdoms, but Ireland was conquered 
by the English, and a Scotch king inherited the 
English throne. The large island, (including Eng¬ 
land and Scotland,) was called Great Britain to dis¬ 
tinguish it from Little Brittany in France Hence 
arose the present title of “The United Kingdoms of 
Great Britain and Ireland.” 

27. What two Countries form what is called 
Great Britain? 


58 


28. What Country subject to the British 
Government lies west of Great Britain? Ireland. 

Peninsulas and Isthmuses. 

29. What kingdom forms a Peninsula north 
of Germany? 

30. What Isthmus connects it with Germany? 

A. Sleswick. 

31. What two kingdoms form a peninsula at 
the south of France? 

32. What Isthmus joins them to France? 

A. Pyrenees. 

33. What Peninsula is at the south of Turkey? 

34. What Isthmus connects the Morea with 
Turkey? A. Corinth. 

35. What Peninsula south of Russia in Eu¬ 
rope? 

36. AVhat Isthmus connects Crimea with 
Russia? A. Precop. 


Capes. 

37. What is the most northern Cape of 
Europe? 

38. What is the south Cape of Norway 
called? 

39. What is the north Cape of Denmark? 

A. Skaw. 

40. What Cape north-west of France? 

A. La Hogue. 

41. What two Capes north-west of Spain? 

42. What Cape south-west of Portugal? 

43. What Cape south-east of Spain? Palos. 
Columbus sailed from this Cape to discover 

America. 


59 


44. What is the south-west Cape of Italy? 
A. Spartivento. 

45. What Cape south of Turkey on the 
More a? 


Mountains 

46. What Mountains between Norway and 
Sweden? 

47. What Mountains in the south of France? 

48. What Mountains between France and 
Spain? 

49. What Mountains in Switzerland? 

50. What Mountains running through Italy? 

51. What range of Mountains in'Turkey? 

A. Hcemus. 

52. What Mountains in the north-east of 
Austria ? 

53. What Mountains between Russia and 
Sweden? 

54. What Mountains between Europe and 
Asia? 

55. What Hills separate England from Scot¬ 
land? Cheviot. 


Seas. 

56. What Sea in the north of Russia? 

57. What Sea between Sweden, Russia and 
Prussia? 

58. What small Sea between Denmark and 
Sweden? Catiegat. 

59. What Sea east of Great Britain? 

60. What Sea between England and Ireland? 

61. What Sea between Europe and Africa? 


60 


62. What Sea between the south-east of 
Turkey and Asia Minor? 

63. What Sea between Turkey, Russia, and 
Asia? 

64. What smaller Sea north of the Black? 

65. What small Sea between the Black and 
Archipelago? A. Marmora. 

Straits. 

66. What Strait connects the Baltick with 
th.e Cattegat? A. The Sound. 

Mote. The Sound, between Zealand and Sweden is 
the deepest entrance to the Baltick. There are 
two other passages, one between Zealand and Funen, 
called the Great Belt, and the other between Funen 
and the Peninsula, called the Little Belt, 

67. What Strait connects the North Sea 
with the British Channel? 

68. What Strait connects the Mediterranean 
with the Atlantick? 

69. What Strait between the Mediterranean 
and the Gulf of Venice? A. Otranto. 

70. What Strait between the Sea of Mar* 
mora and Archipelago? 

71. What Strait connects the Black Sea 
with the Sea of Marmora? A. Constantinople. 

72. What Strait connects the Sea of Azoph 
and Black Sea? A. Kaffa. 

Gulfs. 

73. What Gulf north of the Baltick Sea? 

74. What Gulf north-east of the Baltick Sea? 

75. What other Gulf in Russia south of the 
Gulf of Finland? 


61 


76. What Gulf or Sea in the Netherlands? 
A. Z uyder Zee. 

77. What Gulf south of France? 

78. What Gulf north-west of Italy? 

79. What Gulf south-east of Italy? 

80. What Gulf between Italy and Turkey? 1 

81. What Gulf north of the Morea? Lepanto. 

82. What Gulf in Turkey north-west of the 
Archipelago ? 


Bays. 

83. What Bay west of France and north of 
Spain? 

Note. There is a considerable bay before the city of 
Cadiz in Spain, called the Bay of Cadiz, and another 
before the city of Naples in Italy, called the Bay of 
Naples. 

Lakes. 

84. What two Lakes north-east of the Gulf 
of Finland in Russia? 

85. What two Lakes in the south of Sweden? 

86. What are the two largest Lakes in 
Switzerland? Constance and Geneva. 

Rivers of Europe. 

86. What River rises in the Uralian Moun¬ 
tains and falls into the Arctick Ocean? 

87. What River rises in the north-east of 
Russia and falls into the White Sea near Arch¬ 
angel? 

88. What River falls into the White Sea 
south-west of the Dwina? 

6 


62 


90. What River connects Lake Ladoga with 
the Gulf of Finland? 

91. What River rises in the west of Russia 
and empties into the Gulf of Riga? 

92. What River rises in Russian Poland, 
runs through the north-east of Prussia, and falls 
into the Baitick? 

93. What River rises in the Carpathian 
Mountains, runs through Poland and Prussia and 
falls into the Baitick at Dantzick? 

94. What River rises in the mountains south 
of Prussia, runs through Prussia, and falls into 
the Baitick west of Dantzick? 

95. What River rises in the mountains of 
Bohemia, runs through the western part of Prus¬ 
sia, and the north-east of Germany, and falls 
into the North Sea? 

96. What River rises in the interiour of 
Germany, runs north, and falls into the North 
Sea west oi the Elbe? 

97. What River rises in Switzerland, crosses 
lake Constance, separates France from Ger¬ 
many, runs through the Netherlands, and 
empties into the North Sea? 

98. What River rises in the north of France, 
runs through the Netherlands, and empties 
where the Rhine does? A. Meuse. 

99 What other River rises in the north of 
France, runs through the Netherlands, and falls 
into the north Sea? A. Scheldt. 

100. What River rises in the interiour of 
France and runs north into the English Channel? 

101. What River of France rises in the 
Cevennes Mountains, and runs north-west into 
the Bay of Biscay ? 


63 


102. What River rises north of the Pyre¬ 
nees and runs north-west into the Bay of Biscay? 

103. What River rises in the north-west of 
Spain, forms the northern boundary of Portugal, 
and empties into the Atlantick? A. Minho. 

104. What River rises in the north of Spain, 
runs west through Portugal, and falls into the 
Atlantick. 

105. What River rises in the interiour of 
Spain, runs west through the middle of Portugal, 
and empties into the Atlantick? 

106. What River rises in the interiour of 
Spain, and falls into the Atlantic]* between Spain 
and Portugal? 

107. What River rises in the south of Spain, 
runs west, and falls into the Bay of Cadiz? 

108. What River rises in the north of Spain, 
and runs east into the Mediterranean? 

109. What River rises in Switzerland, runs 
south through France, and falls into the Gulf of 
Lyons ? 

110. What River rises in the Appenines and 
falls into the Gulf of Genoa? A. Arno. 

111. What River near the middle of Italy, 
rises in the Appenines, and runs west into the 
Mediterranean? 

112. What River rises in the north-west of 
Italy and runs east into the Gulf of Venice? Po. 

113. What River rises in Austria, and runs 
south into the Gulf of Venice? A. Adige. 

114. What River rises in the south of Ger¬ 
many, runs east through Austria and Turkey, 
and falls into the Black Sea? A Danube. 

115. What River rises on the north side of 
the Carpathian mountains, runs through the 
south of Russia, and falls into the Black Sea? 


64 


116. What River rises in the south of Russia, 
and falls into the Black Sea north-east of the 
Dniester? 

117. What larger River rises in the interiour 
of Russia, and runs south into the Black Sea? 

118. What River rises in the south-east of 
European Russia, separates a part of Europe 
from Asia, and falls into the Sea of Asoph? 

119. What River rises in the middle of 
Russia, runs east, and then south, forming part 
of the boundary between Europe and Asia, and 
then empties into the Caspian Sea? 

Islands. 

120. What is the largest Island in Europe? 

121. What Island west of G. Britain? 

122. What large Island west of Norway? 

123. What cluster west of Scotland? 

124. What cluster nearest the north of Scot¬ 
land? 

125. What cluster north-east of the Orknies? 

126. What cluster between the Shetland 
Isles and Iceland? 

127. What cluster north-west of Norway? 

128. What Danish Island at the entrance of 
the Baltick? A. Zealand. 

129. What Island between Zealand and 
Denmark? A. Funen. 

130. What Island north of the north-west 
point of Prussia? A. Rugen. 

131. What Island east of the south point of 
Sweden? A. Bornholm. 

132. What Island south-east of Sweden, 
near the coast? A. Oland. 

133. What Island north-west of Oland? 

A. Gothland. 


65 


134. What Island at the entrance of the 
Gulf of Riga? A. Osel. 

135. What Island at the entrance of the 
Gulf of Bothnia? A. Aland. 

136. What three Islands east of Spain? 

137. What is the largest Island west of Italy? 

138. What Island north of Sardinia? 

139. What Island between Corsica and Italy? 

140. What large Island at the south-west 
point of Italy? 

141. What small cluster north of Sicily? 

142. What Island south of Sicily? 

143. What large Island sotith of the Archi¬ 
pelago? 

144. What is the largest Island in the Arch¬ 
ipelago? 

145. What cluster south-west of Turkey? 
A. Ionian Isles. 

Note. Corfu, Cefalonia, Zante, and a few smaller 
Islands are called the Ionian Republick, and are 
under the British Government. 


Cities of Europe. 


In Sweden , find 

Stockholm, the Capital, on Lake Malar. 
Gottenburg, the chief seaport on the Catte- 
gat. 

In Norway , find 

Bergen, the capital, in the south-west. 
Drontheim, North of Bergen. 

Christiana, on an arm of the Scager-Rock. 
*6 


66 


In Denmark, find 

Copenhagen, the Capital of Denmark, on the 
Island of Zealand. 

Altona, a seaport, near the mouth of the 
Elbe? 

In the Netherlands, Jind 
Brussels, the Capital, on a branch of the 
Scheldt. 

Antwerp, north of Brussels, on the Scheldt. 
Amsterdam, on the Zuyder Zee. 

In Russia, find 

Petersburg, the Capital, between the Gulf 
of Finland and Ladoga. 

Cronstadt and Revel on the Gulf of Fin¬ 
land. 

Riga, at the mouth of the Duna. 

Archangel, near the White Sea, on the Dwina. 
Moscow, the former capital, in the interiour. 
Cherson, near the Black Sea, on the Dnieper. 
Odessa, on the Black Sea. 

Warsaw, the capital of Poland, in the south¬ 
west of Russia, on the Vistula. 

In Prussia, find 

Berlin, the capital, on a branch of the 
Elbe. 

Koningsberg the old capital, on the Pregel. 
Dantzick, at the mouth of the Vistula. 

In Germany, find 

Hamburg, on the Elbe. 

Hanover, belonging to England. 

Frankfort, on the Maine, a branch of the 
Rhine. 

Dresden, on the Elbe. 

Ratisbon, on the Danube. 

Munich, on the Yser, a branch of the Danube. 


67 


In Austria , find 

Vienna, the capital, on the Danube. 

Buda, on the Danube, capital of Hungary. 
Presburg, on the Danube, in Hungary. 
Prague, in the north-west of Bohemia. 
Trieste, at the head of the gulf of Venice, 
the chief Austrian sea port. 

In France , find 

Paris, the capital, on the Seine. 

Havre, the sea port of Paris, north of it. 
Rouen, betwen Paris and Havre. 

Calais, on the strait of Dover. 

Brest, a naval station in the north-west. 
Nantes, on the river Loire. 

Bourdeaux, on the Garonne. 

Lyons on the Rhone. 

Marseilles and Toulon, on the Mediterranean. 
In Portugal , find 

Lisbon the capital, on the Tagus. 

Oporto, on the Douro. 

St. Ubes, near Lisbon. 

In Spain , find 

Madrid, the capital, on the Manzanares, a 
branch of the Tagus. 

Toledo, on the Tagus. 

Valladolid, (where Columbus dieI) oa the 
Douro. 

Saragossa, on the Ebro. 

Bilboa, on the bay of Biscay. 

Seville, on the Guadalquiver. 

Malaga, in the south, near Gibraltar. 
Gibraltar, an English Fort, which gives name 
to the Strait. 

Cadiz, the chief seaport, on the Atlantick. 


6S 


Barcelona, a sea port in the north-east. 

In Switzerland, find 

Berne, the chief town, on the Aar, a branch 
of the Rhine. 

Geneva, on Lake Geneva or Leman. 

Zurich, north-east of Berne, on Lake Zurich. 
In Italy, find 

Rome, on the Tiber. 

Naples, south-east of Rome. 

Florence, on the Arno. 

Leghorn, a sea port, west of Florence. 
Venice, north of the Gulf of Venice. 

Gen'oa, ( where Columbus was born ) on the Gulf 
of Gen'oa. 

Mil'an, north of Gen'oa. 

Turin, south-west of Mil'an. 

In Turkey, find 

Constantinople, the capital, at the entrance of 
the Black Sea. 

Adrianople, on the Maritz, north-west of Con¬ 
stantinople. 

Yanina and Larissa, north of Greece. 

Athens, in the south, near the Morea. 
Corinth, on the Isthmus. 

On the Islands of Europe, find 

London, on the Thames, in England. 
Edinburgh, in Scotland, 

Dublin, in Ireland. 

Skalholt, in Iceland. 

Copenhagen, the capital of Denmark, in Zea¬ 
land. 

Bastia, in Corsica. 

Cagliari, in Sardinia. 

Palermo and Syracuse, in Sicily. 

Candia, in Candia. 


69 


Questions on the Map of Europe reversed. 

1. What Ocean is Europe south of? 

2. Europe is west of what Grand Division 
of the Globe? 

3. What Ocean is it east of? 

4. What sea is it north of? 

5. What Grand Division is it north of? 

Countries. 

6. Where is Norway? 

7. Where is Russia? 

8. Where is Sweden? 

9. Where is Lapland? 

10. Where is Denmark? 

11. Where is Germany? 

12. What is Germany? 

13. What are its principal states? 

14. Where is Prussia? 

15. Where is Poland? 

16. Is Poland an independent kingdom? 

Mote. Poland was once an independent kingdom, 
but was conquered by Russia, Prussia, and Aus¬ 
tria, and divided between them. 

17. Where is Austria? 

18. Where is Hungary? 

19. What Empire does Hungary belong to? 

20. Where is Turkey? 

Mote. Greece was once subject to Turkey, but has 
declared its independence, and for several years has 
successfully maintained it. 

21. Where is Greece? 


70 


Note. Holland and six other small states formed 
a Republic!: called the Seven United Provinces. 
These were conquered by France, and made a 
kingdom, called The Kingdom of Holland, which 
was taken from the French after the battle of Wa¬ 
terloo, and with the Netherlands (a part of the 
French territories) formed into the new kingdom of 
the Netherlands. Nether-Lands means Loioer- 
lajids, the country being very flat, and low. 

22. Where is the Kingdom of the Nether¬ 
lands? 

23. Where is Portugal? 

24. Where is Spain? 

25. Where is France ? 

26. Where is Switzerland? 

27. Where is Italy? 

28. Is Italy under one Government? 

20. Where is Naples? 

30. Where is the Kingdom of Lombardy? 

31. Where is the Kingdom of Sardinia? 

32. Where are the Pope’s Dominions? 

33. Where is Tuscany? 

34. Where is Great Britain? 

35. Where is Ireland? 

36. W T here is the Peninsula of Denmark? 

37. Where is the Peninsula of Spain? 

38. Where is the Morea? 

39. Where is the Crimea? 

40. Where is the Isthmus of Sleswick? 

41. W r here is the Isthmus of the Pyrenees? 

42. Where is the Isthmus of Corinth? 

43. Where is the Isthmus of Precop? 

44. Where is North Cape? 

45. Where is the Naze? 


71 


46. Where is the Skaw? 

47. Where is Cape La Hogue? 

48. Where are Capes Finisterre and Ortegal? 

49. Where is Cape St. Vincent? 

50. Where is Cape Palos? 

51. Where is Cape Spartivento? 

52. Where is Cape Matapan? 

53. Where are the Dofrafield Mountains? 

54. Where are the Olonetz Mountains? 

55. Where are the Cheviot Hills? 

56. Where are the Cevennes? 

57. Where are the Pyrenees? 

58. Where are the Alps, the highest moun¬ 
tains of Europe? 

59. Where are the Appenines? 

60. Where is Mount Haemus? 

61. Where are the Carpathian Mountains? 

62. Where are the Ural Mountains? 

63. Where is the White Sea? 

64. Where is the Baltick Sea? 

65. Where is the Cattegat? 

66. Where is the North Sea? 

67. Where is the Irish Sea? 

68. Where is the Mediterranean? 

69. Where is the Archipelago? 

70. Where is the Sea of Marmora? 

71. Where is the Black Sea? 

72. Where is the Sea of Azoph? 

73. Where is the Sound? 

74. Where are the Great and Little Belt? 

75. Where is the Strait of Dover? 

76. Where is the strait of Gibraltar? 

77. Where is the strait of Otranto? 


7 2 


78. Where is the strait of The Dardanelles? 

79. Where is the strait of Constantinople? 

80. Where is the strait of Kaffa? 

81. Where is the Gulf of Bothnia? 

82. Where is the Gulf of Finland? 

83. Where is the Gulf of Riga? 

84. Where is the Zujder Zee? 

85. Where is the Gulf of Lyons? 

86. Where is the Gulf of Genoa? 

87. Where is the Gulf of Tarento? 

88. Where is the Gulf of Venice? 

89. Where is the Gulf of Lepanto? 

90. Where is the Gulf of Salonica? 

91. Where is the Bay of Biscay? 

92. Where is the Bay of Cadiz? 

93. Where is the Bay of Naples? 

94. Where are Lakes Ladoga and Onega? 

95. Where are Lakes Wener and Wetter? 

96. Where are Lakes Constance and Ge¬ 
neva? 

97. Where is the River Petchora? 

08. Where is the Dwina? 

99. Where is the Onega? 

100. Where is the Neva? 

101. Where is the Duna? 

102. Where is the Niemen? 

103. W’here is the Vistula? 

104. Where is the Oder? 

105. Where is the Elbe? 

106. Where is the Weser? 

107. Where is the Rhine? 

108. Where is the Meuse? 


73 


109. Where is the Scheldt? 

110. Where is the Seine? 

111. Where is the Loire? 

112. Where is the Garonne? 

113. Where is the Rhone? 

114. Where is the Minho? 

115. Where is the Douro? 

116. Where is the Tagus? 

117. Where is the Guadiana? 

118. Where is the Guadalquiver? 

119. Where is the Ebro? 

120. Where is the Arno? 

121. Where is the Tiber? 

122. Where is the Po? 

123. Where is the Adige? 

124. Where is the Danube? 

125. Where is the Dniester? 

126. Where is the Bog? 

127. Where is the Dnieper 1 * 

128. Where is the Don? 

129. Where is the Volga? 

130. Where is the Island of Great Britain? 

131. Where is Ireland? 

132. Where are the Western Isles? 

133. Where are the Orknies? 

134. Where are the Shetland Isles? 

135. Where is Iceland? 

136. Where are the Faroe Islands? 

137. Where are the Luffoden Isles? 

138. Where is Zealand? 

139. Where is Funen? 

140. Where are Rugen, Bornholm, Oland, 
Gothland, Osel and Aland? 

141. Where are Majorca, Minorca and Ivica? 


74 


142. Where are Corsica and Sardinia? 

143. Where is Elba? 

144. Where is Sicily? 

145. Where are the Lipari Isles? 

146. Where is Malta? 

147. Where are the Ionian Isles? 

148. Where is Candia? 

149. Where is Negropont? 

150. Where is Stockholm? Gottenburg? 

151. Where is Bergen? Drontheim? Chris¬ 
tiana? 

152. Where is Copenhagen? Altona? 

153. Where is Brussels? Antwerp? Amster¬ 
dam? 

154. Where is Petersburg? Cronstadt? and 
Revel? Riga? Archangel? Moscow? Cherson? Od¬ 
essa? Warsaw? 

155. Where is Berlin? Koningsberg? Dant- 
zick? 

156. Where is Hamburg? Hanover? Frank¬ 
fort? Dresden? Ratisbon? Munich? 

157. Where is Vienna? Buda? Presburg? 
Prague? Trieste? 

,158. Where is Paris? Havre? Rouen? Ca¬ 
lais? Brest? Nantes? Bourdeaux? Lyons? Mar¬ 
seilles? Toulon? 

150. Where is Lisbon? Oporto? St. Ubes? 

160. Where is Madrid? Toledo? Valladoiid? 
Saragossa? Bilboa? Seville? Malaga? Gibraltar? 
Cadiz? Barcelona? 

161. Where is Berne? Geneva? Zurich? 

162. Where is Rome? Naples? Florence? 
Leghorn? Venice? Gen'oa? Mil'an? Turin? 


75 


163. Where is Constantinople? Adrianople? 
Athens? Corinth? Yanina and Larissa? 

164. Where is London? Edinburg? Dub¬ 
lin? Liverpool? 

165. Where is Skalholt? Copenhagen? Bas- 
tia? Cagliari? Palermo? Syracuse? Candia? Nc- 
gropont? 


Questions on the Map of the United States. 

1. By what waters are the United States 
bounded on the north? 

2. What country bounds the U. S. on the 
north? 

3. What ocean bounds the U. S. on the 
east? 

4. What Gulf hounds the U. S. on the south? 

5. What is the most north-eastern state called? 

6. What state lies west of Maine? 

7. What state lies west of New Hampshire? 

8. What state lies south of Vermont and 
New Hampshire? 

9. What state lies south of Massachusetts? 

10. What state lies west of RKode Island? 

11. What are the six states, Vermont, New 
Hampshire, Maine, Massachusetts, Rhode Island 
and Connecticut called? 

A. The New England States. 

12. W hat state lies west of the N e w England 
states? 

13. What state is south of the eastern part 
of New York? 

14. What state is west of New Jersey? 


76 


15. What small state is south-west of New 
Jersey? 

16. What state is west of Delaware? 

17. What state is south-west of Maryland? 

18. What state is north-west of Virginia? 

19. What state is west of Ohio? 

20. What state is west of Indiana? 

21. What state south of Ohio, Indiana and 
Illinois ? 

22. What state south of Kentucky? 

23. What state south of Virginia? 

24. What state south of North Carolina? 

25. What state west of South Carolina? 

26. What state west of Georgia? 

27. What state west of Alabama? 

28. What Territory north of Ohio and In¬ 
diana ? 

29. What Territory north of Illinois? 

North Western. 

30. What state west of Illinois? 

31. What Territory south of Missouri? 

32. What state south of Arkan'saw Terri¬ 
tory? 

33. What Territory south of Georgia? 

Questions reversed. 

34. What state is east of Vermont? 

35. What state is east of New Hampshire? 

36. What state is east of Connecticut? 

37. What state is north of Rhode Island and 
Connecticut? 

38. What state is north of Pennsylvania? 

39. What state south-east of Pennsylvania? 


77 


40. What state is east of Maryland? 

41. What state is north of North Carolina? 

42. What states are south of Michigan Ter¬ 
ritory ? 

43. What state is east of Missouri? 

44. What state is east of Alabama? 

45. What state is north of Mississippi, Ala¬ 
bama and Georgia? 

46. What state is north of South Carolina? 

47. What states lie north of Florida? 

48. What state lies south-west of Mississippi? 

Note. Let the monitor require the pupils to tell how 
each state is bounded on all sides. When they are 
expert at this, let the following questions be asked. 

Capes. 

49. What capes are east of Massachusetts? 

50. What cape south of New Jersey? 

51. What cape south-east of Delaware? 

52. What cape south of Maryland. 

53. What cape south-east of Virginia? 

54. What three capes east of North Caro¬ 
lina? 

Mountains. 

55. What chain of mountains runs through 
the United States? 

56. The highest mountains in the United 
States are in the north of New Hampshire. 
What are they called? 

57. What are the mountains in Vermont 
called? 

58. What name do the Alleghanies take in, 
Virginia? 

*7 


78 

69. What are the mountains of Tennessee 
called? 


Bays. 

60. What bay is east of Maine between New 
Brunswick and Nova Scotia? 

61. What bay is in Rhode Island? 

A. JVarraganset Bay. 

62. What bay between New Jersey and 
Delaware? 

63. What bay is between Maryland and 
Virginia? 

64. What sound south of Connecticut? 

65. What sounds in North Carolina? 

Lakes. 

66. What is the largest lake north of the 
U. States? 

67. What Lake is connected with Lake Su- 
periour? 

68. What lake is connected with Huron on 
the north-west? 

69. What lake is connected with Huron on 
the south. 

70. What lake is connected with Erie on 
the north-east? 

71. What lake separates Vermont from 
New York? 


Rivers. 

72. What river runs north-east from Lake 
Ontario? 


73. What river separates Maine from New 
Brunswick? 

74. What four rivers are in Maine? 

75. Which of them rise in New Hampshire? 

76. What river rises in the interiour of New 
Hampshire, runs south into Massachusetts, and 
then east into the Atlantick? 

77. What river rises in the north of New 
Hampshire, separates New Hampshire from 
Vermont, passes south through Massachusetts 
and Connecticut, and empties into Long Island 
Sound? 

78. What river in the eastern part of New 
York, runs south into the Atlantick? 

79. What river connects Lake Champlain 
with the river St. Lawrence? 

80. What river of New York runs east and 
falls into the Hudson above Albany? 

81. What rivers of New York empty into 
Lake Ontario? 

82. What river rises in New York, runs 
south, and separates Pennsylvania from New 
Jersey, and empties into Delaware Bay? 

83. What river rises in New York, runs 
south through Pennsylvania and Maryland and 
empties into Chesapeake Bay? 

84. What two rivers of Pennsylvania meet 
at Pittsburg and form the Ohio. 

85. What river separates Maryland from 
Virginia, and falls into Chesapeake Bay? 

86. What river in Virginia south of the Po- 
tomack empties into Chesapeake Bay? 

87. What river in Virginia south of the Rap¬ 
pahannock empties into the same bay? 


80 


88. What river rises in the Blue Mountains, 
crosses Virginia, and falls into Chesapeake Bay 
near its mouth? 

89. What river rises in the Blue Mountains, 
runs south-east into North Carolina, and emp¬ 
ties into Albemarle Sound? 

90. What two rivers of North Carolina 
empty into Pamlico Sound? 

91. What river rises in the interiour of North 
Carolina and runs south into the Atlantick, near 
Cape Fear? 

92. What river rises in the north-west of 
North Carolina, and runs south-easterly through 
South Carolina into the Atlantick? 

93. What river rises in the north-west of 
South Carolina, crosses the state in the centre, 
and falls into the Atlantick? 

94. What river separates South Carolina 
from Georgia? 

95. What is the largest river of Georgia 
that empties into the Atlantick? 

96. What river rises in the north-east of 
Georgia, runs south through Florida, and falls 
into the Gulf of Mexico? 

97. What two rivers of Alabama unite and 
empty into the Gulf of Mexico at Mobile? 

98. What River rises in the Territory north¬ 
west of the U. States, and empties into the Gulf 
of Mexico through Louisiana? 

99. What River rises near Lake Michigan, 
and running through Illinois falls into the Mis¬ 
sissippi? 

100. What River separates Ohio, Indiana, 
and Illinois from Kentucky, and falls into the 
Mississippi? 


SI 


101. What three Rivers of Ohio State emp¬ 
ty into Ohio River? 

102. What River from the Blue Mountains 
in Virginia empties into the Ohio? 

A. Great Kanhaway. 

103. What River rises in the north-east of 
Tennessee, runs into Alabama, and then north 
into the Ohio? 

104. What River rises in Kentucky, and falls 
into the Ohio near the mouth of Tennessee 
River? 

105. What River rises in the interiour of 
Indiana, and falls into the Ohio between Indiana 
and Illinois 

106. What River rises in the Rocky Moun¬ 
tains, crosses the State of Missouri, and falls 
into the Mississippi? 

107. What River rises in the Rocky Moun¬ 
tains, crosses Arkansaw Territory, and falls into 
the Mississippi? 

108. What River comes from the north-west 
of Louisiana, and falls into the Mississippi? 

Cities and Towns. 

In Vermont. 

Windsor, on Connecticut River. 

Montpelier, in the interiour. 

In JS/ew Hampshire. 

Portsmouth, at the mouth of Piscataqua River. 

Concord, on Merrimack River. 

Exeter, in the interiour. 

In Massachusetts. 

Boston, in Massachusetts Bay. 

Salem, near Boston. 


82 


In Rhode Island. 

Providence, at the head of Narragansett Bay. 
Newport, on the Island of Rhode Island, at 
the entrance of Narragansett Bay. 

In Connecticut. 

Hartford, on Connecticut River. 

New Haven, on Long Island Sound. 

In New York. 

New York, on an island at the entrance of 
Hudson’s River. 

Albany, on the Hudson. 

In New Jersey. 

Trenton, on Delaware River. 

Newark, near the City of New York. 

In Pennsylvania. 

Philadelphia, on the Delaware and Schuylkill. 
Lancaster, in the interiour. 

Harrisburgh, on the Susquehanna. 

Pittsburgh, where the Allegany and Monon- 
galiela meet and form the Ohio. 

In Delaware. 

Dover, on Delaware Bay. 

In Marylayid. 

Baltimore, on the Patapsco River. 

Annapolis, on Chesapeake Bay. 

In the District of Columbia. 
Washington, on the Potomack, Capital of the 
United States. 


83 


In Virginia. 

Richmond, on James River. 

Norfolk, on the same River. 

In North Carolina. 

Raleigh, on the Neuse. 

Newbern, on the same River. 

Fayetteville, on Cape Fear River. 

In South Carolina. 

Charleston, a sea port at the mouth of Ashley 
and Cooper Rivers. 

Columbia, on the Santee. 

In Georgia. 

Savannah, on Savannah River. 

Milledgeville, on the Oconee. 

In Alabama. 

Mobile, at the mouth of Alabama River. 
Cahawba, on the same River. 

In Mississippi. 

Natches, on Mississippi River. 

In Louisiana. 

New Orleans, on the Mississippi. 

In Tennessee. 

Knoxville, on a branch of Tennessee River. 
Murfreesboro, in the interiour, west of Knox- 
ville. 

In Kentucky. 

Lexington, in the interiour. 

Louisville, on the Ohio. 

Fraokfort, on Kentucky River. 


84 


In Ohio. 

Cincinnati, on the Ohio. 
Columbus, on the Scioto. 

In Indiana. 
Vincennes, on the Wabash. 


In Illinois. 

Kaskaskia, on Kaskaskia River, near the 
Mississippi. 


in Missouri. 

St. Louis, on the Mississippi. 

In Michigan Territory. 
Detroit, near Lake St. Clair. 

In Florida. 

Pensacola, on the Gulf of Mexico. 
St. Augustine, on the Atlantick. 


Questions Reversed. 

1. On which side of the United States are 
the great Lakes? 

2. On which side of the United States is 
Canada? 

3. What Ocean are the United States west of? 

4. What Gulf are the United States north of? 

5. At the mouth of what Bay are Capes 
May and Henlopen? 

6. In what States are they ? 


85 


7. A ts the mouth of what Bay are Capes 
Charles and Henry. 

8. In what States are they? 

9 Where are Capes Hatteras, Lookout, and 
Fear? 

10. In what direction do the Alleghany 
Mountains run? 

11. Where are the White Mountains? 

12. Where are the Green Mountains? 

13. Where is the Blue Ridge? 

14. Where are the Cumberland Mountains? 

15. Where is the Bay ofFundy? 

16. Where is Narragansett Bay? 

17. Where is Delaware Bay? 

18. Where is Chesapeake Bay? 

19. Where is Long Island Sound? 

20. Where are Albemarle and Pamlico 
sounds? 

21. Where is Lake Superiour? 

22. Where is Lake Huron? 

23. Where is Lake Michigan? 

24. Where is Lake Erie? 

25. Where is Lake Ontario? 

26. Where is Lake Champlain? 

27. Where is the River St. Lawrence? 

28. Where is the St. Croix? 

29. Where are the Penobscot, Kennebeck, 
Saco and Androscoggin? 

30. Where is the Merrimack? 

31. Where is the Connecticut? 

32. Where is the Hudson? 

8 


86 


33. Where is the Mohawk? 

34. Where is the Sorel? 

35. Where are the Oneida and Genessee? 

36. Where is the Delaware? 

37. Where is the Susquehanna? 

38. Where are the Alleghany and Mononga- 
hela? 

39. Where is the Potomack? 

40. Where is the Rappahannock? 

41. Where is York River? 

42. Where is James River? 

43. Where is the Roanoke? 

44. Where are the Pamlico and Neuse? 

45. Where is Cape Fear River? 

46. Where is the Great Pedee? 

47. Where is the Santee? 

48. Where is the Savannah? 

49. Where is the Altamaha? 

50. Where is the Appalachicola? 

51. Where are the Alabama and Tombigbee? 

52. Where is the Mississippi? 

53. Where is the Illinois? 

54. Where is the Ohio? 

55. Where are the Muskingum, Scioto, and 
Miami? 

56. Where is the Kanhaway? 

57. Where is the Tennessee? 

58. Where is the Cumberland? 

59. Where is the Missouri? 

60. Where is the Arkansaw? 

61. Where is Red River? 

62. Where is Windsor? Montpelier? 

63. Where is Portsmouth? Concord? Exeter? 

64. Where is Boston? Salem? 


87 


65. Where is Providence? Newport? 

66. Where is Hartford? New Haven? 

67. Where is New ¥ork? Albany? 

68. Where is Trenton? Newark? 

69. Where is Philadelphia? Lancaster? 
Harrisburgh? Pittsburgh? 

70. Where is Dover? 

71. Where is Baltimore? Annapolis? 

72. Where is Washington? 

73. Where is Richmond? Norfolk? 

74. Where is Raleigh? Newberp? Fay¬ 
etteville? 

75. Where is Charleston? Columbia? 

76. Where is Savannah? Milledgeville? 

77. Where is Mobile? Cahawba? 

73. Where is Natches? 

79. Where is New Orleans? 

80. Where is Knoxville? Murfreesboro? 

81. Where is Lexington? Louisville? Frank¬ 
fort? 

82. Where is Cincinnati? Columbus? 

83. Where is Vincennes? 

84. Where is Kaskaskia? 

85. Where is St. Louis? 

86. Where is Detroit? 

87. Where is Pensacola? St. Augustine? 

88. Where are the Islands of Nantucket and 
Martha’s Vineyard? 

89. Where are Rhode Island (on which is 
the town of Newport) and Block Island? 

00. Where is Long Island? 

91. Where is Staten Island? 

A. West of Long Island. 

92. Where is Amelia Island? 


88 


GENERAL REVIEW. 

Where is Asia? Europe? Africa? North 
America? South America? New Holland? China? 
Hindoostan? Russia? France? Austria? England? 
Tonkin? Japan? Morocco? Birman Empire? Per¬ 
sia? German States? Italy? Tartary? Spain? 
United States? Wales? Prussia? Arabia? Tur¬ 
key? Naples? Mexico? Ireland? Thibet? Neth¬ 
erlands? 

Where is Sardinia? Portugal? Bavaria? Egypt? 
Tunis? Poland? Brazil? Sweden? Abyssinia? La 
Plata? Denmark? Scotland? Switzerland? Al¬ 
giers? Wurtemberg? New York? Hanover? Tus¬ 
cany? Saxony?Guatimala? Pennsylvania? Virginia? 

Where is Chili? Tripoli? Venezuela? Nor¬ 
way? North Carolina? Ohio? Kentucky? Mas¬ 
sachusetts? South Carolina? Canada? Tennessee? 
Maryland? Georgia? Maine? New Jersey? Con¬ 
necticut? New Hampshire? Vermont? Louisiana? 
Indiana? Alabama? Rhode Island? Mississippi? 
Delaware? Missouri? Illinois? Columbia District? 


1. Where is the Mediterranean Sea? Bal- 
tick? Black? White? Yellow? Red? Caribbean? 
North? China? Azoph? Okotsk? Caspian? Irish? 
Arabian? Archipelago? Aral? Cattegat? Marmora? 

2. Where is the Bay of Baffin? Biscay? Ben¬ 
gal? Hudson? Panama? Honduras? Table? Ches¬ 
apeake? Delaware? Fundy? Massachusetts? 

Where is the Gulf of Mexico? Guinea? Ven¬ 
ice? Persia? Carpenter? Corea? Finland? Califor¬ 
nia? St. Lawrence? Tonkin? Lyons? Lepanto? 



$9 


Tarento? Obi? Bothnia? Genoa? Riga? Lyons? 
Ormus? Siam? Sidra? 

3. Where is Lake Superiour? Ladoga? Ma- 
ravi? Slave? Baikal? Wener? Michigan? One¬ 
ga? Tchany? Winnepeg? Constance? Wetter? 
Huron? Geneva? Champlain? Nicaragua? Erie? 
Maracaybo? Ontario? Zuyder Zee? 

4. Where is the Strait of Gibraltar? Da¬ 
vis? Messina? Malacca? Hudson? Dover? Bher- 
ing? Kaffa? Bellisle? Dardanelles? Babelman- 
del? Macassar? Corea? Magellan? Bass? 

Where is the Channel of Mozambique? George? 
Tartary? English? Bristol? 

Where is the Sound of Long Island? Queen 
Charlotte? Pamlico and Albemarle? 

5. Where is the River Amazon? Mississippi? 
Missouri? Wolga? Nile? Kiangku? Niger? Ar- 
kansaw? Mackenzie’s? Rio del Norte? St. Law¬ 
rence? Rio de la Plata? Hoangho? Amour? Ye¬ 
nisei? Mecon or Cambodia? Obi? Lena? Dan¬ 
ube? Ganges? Orinoco? Madeira? Tocantins? La 
Platte? Red? Columbia? Nelson’s? Euphrates? 
Burrampooter? Indus? Irawaddy? Tennessee? 
Yellow Stone? St. Francisco? Xingu? Colorado? 
Ohio? Dnieper? Uraguay? Pilcomayo? Senegal? 
Jihon? Clark’s? Lewis? Multnomah? Salado? Ne¬ 
gro? Topayos? Don? Tigris? Go-da-very? Rhine? 
Churchill? Krislna? Potomack? Cumberland? Os¬ 
age? Dniester? Orange? Gambia? James? Otta¬ 
wa? Altamaha? Appalachicola? Wabash? Yu- 
pura? Dwina or Duna? Elbe? Rhone? Loire? 
Neva? Niemen? Petchora? Tagus? Vistula? Al¬ 
abama? Pedee? Santee? Tombigbee? Savannah? 
Susquehanna? Apurc? Connecticut? Alleghany? 
G. Kenhaway? Illinois? Bog? Save? Oliphant’s? 


90 


Oder? Drave? Douro? Ebro? Guadiana? Po? 
Cape Fear? Roanoke? Hudson? Weser? Ga¬ 
ronne? Glornmen? Guadalquivir? Mayne? Tor- 
nea? Delaware? Seine? Monongahela? Penob¬ 
scot? Dahl? Shenandoah? Inn? Yazoo? Adige? 
Merrimack? Miami? Licking? Thames? Tiber? 
Shannon? Kennebeck? Severn? Housatonick? 
Aar? Androscoggin? Schuylkill? Scioto? Mo¬ 
hawk? Genessee? Rappahannock? Arno? Reuss? 
Lehigh? Onion? Passaick? Mersey? 

6. Where is the Peninsula of South Ameri¬ 
ca? Spain? Kamtschatka? Denmark? California? 
Morea? Florida? Crimea? Nova Scotia? Corea? 
Africa? Malaya? Yucatan? Alaska? 

7. Where is the Isthmus of Darien? Cor¬ 
inth? Pyrenees? Sleswick? Precop? Suez? 

8. Where is the Island of New-Holland? 
Cuba? Great Britain? Madagascar? Borneo? St. 
Domingo? Ceylon? Newfoundland? Nova Zem- 
bla? Sicily? Iceland? Ireland? Cyprus? Jamaica? 
New Guinea? Niphon? Terra del Fuego? Su¬ 
matra? New Zealand? Majorca? Jesso? Sardi¬ 
nia? Saghalien? Minorca? Java? Yvica? Porto- 
Rico? Luzon? Corsica? Zealand? Long Island? 
Candia? Socotra? Celebes? Aland? Mindanao? 
Negropont? Gothland? Oland? Vancouver’s? 
Timor? St. Helena? Formosa? St. Thomas? Queen 
Charlotte’s? Bourbon and Mauritius? Hainan? 
Man? Juan Fernandez? Anglesey? Trinidad 7 
Elba? Nantucket? Jersey and Guernsey? Rhodes? 
Malta? Van Diemen’s? Corfu? Rhode Island? 
Cape Breton? Sherbro? Cefalonia? St. John’s? 
Where are the West India Islands? East Indies? 
Bermudas? Japan Isles? Luffoden Isles? Cape 
Verds? Sandwich Isles? Canaries? Orknies? Co- 


morro Isles? Andaman Isles? Fox Islands? Spice 
Islands? Shetlands? Falkland Isles? Azores? Ga¬ 
lapagos? Faroe? Laccadives? Loo Choo? Nicobar 
Isles? Society Isles? Ladrones? Scilly? Pelevv’s? 
Lipari? Ionian Isles? Philipines? Friendly Isles? 
Maldives? Western Isles? New Hebrides? 

9. Where is Cape Horn? Good Hope? Com¬ 
orin? Farewell? Naze? Lopatka? Palmas? St. 
Roque? St. Lucas? Blanco? Verd? Sable? Clear? 
St. Vincent? Taymour? Hogue? Bon? Cod? 
Vela? North? Icy? Charles and Henry? Mata- 
pan? Palos? May and Henlopen? Ortegal and 
Finisterre? Land’s End? Spartivento? Fear, 
Lookout and Hatteras? Formosa? 

10. Where are the Movntains Himmaleh? 
Andes? Atlas? Dotrafield? Altaian? Moon? Alps? 
Rocky? Alleghany? Pyrenees? Gaut? White? 
Blue? Green? Appenines? Cumberland? Lupa- 
ta? Taurus? Caucasus? Carpathian? Olonetz? 
Haemus? Cevennes? Calskill? Where is Dawa- 
lageri (the highest in the world)? Chimbora¬ 
zo? Cotopaxi? Mou'na Ka'ah (in Owhyhee)? 
Mt. Elias? Blanc? Geesh ( Abyss .)? Ophir 
(Swm.)? Teneriffe? Egmont (./V. Z.)? Perdu 
(Pt/r.)? Etna? Snow Mts.? Bourbon? Olympus? 
Washington? Hecla? Ben Nevis? Vesuvius? 
Table Mt.? Mts. Tom and Holyoke? 

Note. It will now be an useful exercise for the 
teacher to ask the highest of the class to name a 
sea and tell where it is; let the next name 
another, and so on, as long as any one in the class 
can recollect any sea which has not been mentioned. 
Then do the same with the other divisions of ater 
and land. Precedence should be given to the pupils 
whenever it is practicable. 


92 


Where is Pekin? Nankin? Canton? London? 
Jeddo? Hangtcheou? Paris? Calcutta? Benares? 
Meaco? Constantinople? Surat? Ispahan? Na¬ 
ples? Moscow? Cairo? Madras? Lucknow? 
Petersburgh ? 

Where is Patna? Tauris? Aleppo? Lisbon? 
Vienna? Amsterdam? Madrid? Cabul? Damas¬ 
cus? Algiers? Dublin? Ummerapoora? Berlin? 
Bombay? Glasgow? Cashmere? Erzerum? La¬ 
hore? Smyrna? Rio Janeiro? 

Where is Palermo? Mexico? Mil'an? Rome? 
New-York? Philadelphia? Barcelona? Ham¬ 
burg? Valencia? Copenhagen? Surakerta (in 
Java)? Edinburgh? Marseilles? Tombuctoo? 
Houssa? Venice? Adrianople? Liverpool? Ly¬ 
ons? Manchester? St. Salvador? Buckaria? 
Candahar? Delhi? Herat? Hydrabad? Poonah? 
Constantina? Coommassie? Fez? Mequinez? Sen- 
naar? Tunis? Bourdeaux? Cork? Turin? Birm¬ 
ingham? Prague? Rouen? Seville? Brussels? 
Bristol? Gen'oa? Stockholm? Florence? Nantes? 
Oporto? Bologna? Cadiz? Saloniki? Havanna? 
Quito? Puebla? Astracan? Serai? Warsaw? 
Breslaw? Baltimore? Antwerp? Lisle? Ghent? 
Munich? Guanaxuato? Buenos Ayres? Bursa? 
Diarbekir? Mosul? Tocat? Teheran? Bucha¬ 
rest? Verona? Plymouth? Rotterdam? Konings- 
burg? Saragossa? Lima? Malaga? Grenada? Leg¬ 
horn? Potosi? Gondar? Morocco? Bassora? 
Trebizond? Catanea? Dantzick? Limerick? Stras- 
burg? Sophia? Liege? Dresden? 

Where is Toulouse? Frankfort? Batavia? 
Paisley? St. Jago? Bruges? Lemburg? Boston? 
Hague? Pest? Cologne? Portsmouth? Amiens? 
Cronstadt? Kesho? Prome? Shiras? Damietta? 


93 


St. Salvador (Af)? St. Fe de Bogota? St. Jag© 
(Cuba)? 

Where is Bath (Eng.)? Bremen? Riga? 
Trieste? Leeds? Sheffield? Newcastle? Odessa? 
Cagliari? Yanina? Waterford? Rangoon? Moor- 
shedabad? Utrecht? Aberdeen? Zacatecas? 
Leipsic? Cusco? Seringapatam? Montpelier? 
Leyden? Padua? Dundee? St. Juan (P. Rico)? 
Jerusalem? Rheims? Mogadore? Sego? Carac- 
cas? Cuyaba? Augsburg? Altona? Belfast? Bra- 
hilow? Clermont? Messina? Philipopoli? Tula? 
Valladolid? Arequipa? Toulon? New Orleans? 

Where is Carthagena (Sp.)? Geneva? Cra¬ 
cow? Lubeck? Abomey? Toledo? Popayan? 
Belgrade? St. Felipe? Hanover? Gottenburg? 
Orenburg? Cumana? Brest? Presburg? Tours? 
Ratisbon? Compostella? Havre? Hull? Mendoza? 
Wilna? Pernambuco? Cordova? Carthagena 
(S. A.)? Haerlem? Cuenca? La-paz? Paramari¬ 
bo? Villa-rica? Alexandria (Egypt?) Mour- 
zouk? Cape Henry? Guatimala? Manilla? Vera 
Cruz? Tobolsk? Kiev? Chiapa? Mo'dena? Mec¬ 
ca? Silistria? Mocha? Tver? Teflis? Dort? 
Greenock? 

Where is St. Juan? Frontera? Jaroslavl? 
Lucca? Perth? Syracuse? Oropesa? Capetown? 
Alicant? York? Cholula? Neshin? Aracan? Que¬ 
bec? Guayaquil? Montevideo? St. Paul? Hali¬ 
fax? Bergen? Bilboa? Rosetta? Tangier? Tri¬ 
poli? Jassy? Inverness? La Plata? Carlscrona? 
Salamanca? Berne? Washington? Salem? Ox¬ 
ford? Albany? Carlisle? St. Ubes? Zante? Ma¬ 
lacca? Tomsk? Richmond? Providence? Coim¬ 
bra? Frankfort (Germ.)? Merida? Cambridge 
(F.ng.)? Cherson? Londonderry? Irkutsk? Zurich? 



94 


Inspruck? Athens? Panama? St. Thomas? Cin¬ 
cinnati? 

Where is Sinaloa? Gottingen? Christiana? 
Drontheim? Norkopping? Portland? Stabroeck? 
Alexandria? Newark? Mascat? Newport? 
Truxillo? Savannah? Georgetown? Porto Ca- 
vello? New Haven? Pittsburgh? Kiel? Elsi¬ 
nore? Pegu? Sidney Cove? Portsmouth (N.H.)? 
Nantucket? Petersburgh (Vir.)? Newburyport? 
Lancaster (Penn.)? Valparaiso? New Brunswick? 
Leon? Cob'be? Medina? La Guira? Truxillo? 
Campeachy? Cayenne? Newbern? Marblehead? 
Lynchburg? Suez? Fredericktown? Jedda? 
Hartford? Lexington? Wilmington? Hudson? 
Troy? St; Augustine? 

Where is Upsal? Fahlun? Christiansand? 
Louisville? St. Louis? Santa Fe? Freetown? 
Augusta? St. George? New London? Nashville? 
Columbia? St. John’s (N. F.)? York (U. C.)? 
Kingston? Norwich? Raleigh? Wilmington? 
Liverpool (N. Scotia)? Mobile? Chilicothe? 
Natchez? Milledgevilie? Pensacola? Knoxville? 


Travels on the Map of the United States. 

Note. All travels by land are supposed to be in a 
direct or straight line, where there are no meridians 
or parallels to guide. 

1. What states do you pass in sailing from 
Portland to St. Augustine? 

2. What states will you cross in going a 
straight course from Boston to St. Louis in Mis¬ 
souri? 


95 


3. What states will you cross in going from 
New York city to New Orleans? 

4. What principal capes must you pass in 
going from Boston to New Orleans by water? 

b. If you sail down the Mississippi from its 
source to its mouth, what states will you pass 
between? 

6. In going from Washington to Norfolk in 
Virginia, what rivers must be crossed? 

7. What rivers must be crossed in going 
from New York city to Pittsburg in Pennsylva¬ 
nia? 

8. What bays will you pass in going from 
Penobscot Bay in Maine to Mobile in Alabama? 

9. What Islands will you pass in going the 
same route? 

Travels on the Map of South America. 

1. What countries will you pass in sailing 
from the Isthmus of Darien to Cape Horn on 
the eastern coast of the country? 

2. What countries on the western coast? 

3. If you follow the meridian which runs 
from Cape Horn to the Caribbean Sea, what 
countries must you pass through? 

4. What rivers must be crossed in going 
from Caraccas to Bahia? 

5. What countries will you pass through on 
the way? 

6. What branches of the Amazon will you 
cross in going from C. St. Roque to Truxillo' in 
Peru? 

7. What islands will you pass in a voyage 
from Buenos Ayres to Valparaiso? 

8. In sailing down the Amazon, what rivers 
will you pass on the north bank? 


96 


Travels on the Map of Europe , 

1. What countries must be passed in going 
from Lisbon to Moscow? 

2. What countries are between London and 
Constantinople? 

3. What water and land do you pass over in 
going from North Cape to Vienna, and thence 
to Madrid? 

4. If you begin at the mouth of the Don, 
what seas will you cross in going to Cadiz? 

5. What seas will you cross in a voyage 
from Petersburg to London? 

6. What islands will you pass in going from 
Gibraltar to Aleppo? 

7. What mountains will interrupt your jour¬ 
ney from Madrid to Berne, and from Berne to 
Cherson? 

8. How will you go by water from Archan¬ 
gel to Petersburg? 

9. If you coast along the shore from Altona 
in Denmark to Bilboa in Spain, you must cross 
the mouth of what rivers? 

10. If you take a boat at Ratisbon, and sail 
to the mouth of the Danube, what important 
cities will you pass? 

11. How can you go from Liverpool in Eng¬ 
land to Trieste in Austria by water? 

t2. What capes will you pass on the voyage 
from Copenhagen to Athens? 

13. What straits do you pass through in 
going from Stockholm in Sweden to Azof at the 
mouth of the Don? 

14. What rivers do you cross on a journey 
from Madrid to Paris? 


97 


Travels on the Map of Asia. 

1. How can you get from Constantinople to 
Calcutta by land ? 

2. If you coast along the shore of Asia from 
the Isthmus of Suez to Kamtschatka, what 
waters will you pass through? 

3. What large islands will you pass on the 
voyage? 

4. What rivers will you cross in travelling 
from Azof on the sea of Azof to Okotsk on the 
sea of Okotsk? 

5. What mountains must you cross in going 
from Yakutsk in Siberia to the Malabar coast in 
Hindoostan? 

Travels on the Map of Africa. 

1. What countries will you traverse in going 
from Magadoxa in Ajan to Alexandria in Egypt? 

2. What countries must you pass through in 
going from the English settlement of Sierra 
Leone to the English settlement at Cape Town, 
if you follow the coast? 

3. What capes will you pass on a voyage 
from Mogadore in Morocco to Mocha in Arabia? 

4. What large rivers will you pass on the 
voyage, and in what country are they? 

5. How will you go overland from Tunis to 
Morocco and thence to the Gold coast? 

Travels on the Map of North America. 

1. How will you go from James’s Bay to 
Quebec by water? 

2. How will you go from New Orleans to 
Melville Island in the Arctick ocean by water? 

9 


98 


3. How may you go by river conveyance 
from Pennsylvania to the Pacifick ocean, with 
the exception of a little land carriage over the 
Rocky Mountains? 

4. Begin at the mouth of Mackenzie’s River 
and visit all the great Lakes in order until you 
come to the St. Lawrence river. 

Travels on the Map of the World. 

1. Go from Boston to London. 

2. Go from New York to Valparaiso in Chili. 

3. Go from Boston to Constantinople, and 
name every country you pass. 

Note. The pupil should be required to tell every 
prominent Island, Cape, Country, &c. he passes, and 
the more particular he is, the better. 

4. Go from Canton to Boston. 

5. Go from Calcutta to London. 

6. Go from Boston to Archangel. 

7. Go from Rome to Botany Bay or Port 
Jackson. 

8. Go from Lisbon to the Portuguese colony 
at Goa. 

9. Travel from Pekin to Cape Verd by land. 

10. Travel from Bhering’s Strait to the Strait 
of Magellan, following the western coast of 
America. 

11. Make a voyage round the world by going 
from Boston to St. Helena, from St. Helena to 
Canton, thence to Valparaiso, and then home to 
Boston. 

12. Make a voyage round the world by 
going from London to Nova Zembla, thence to 
Bhering’s Strait, thence to the Sandwich Isles, 


99 


thence to the Falkland Islands, thence to the 
Cape Verds, and thence home. 

13. If a passage north of the continent of 
America is discovered by the vessels sent for 
that purpose, how may a voyage from London 
to China be made by that route? 


LATITUDE. 

On the Map of the World. 

1. What is Latitude? (See page 5.) 

2. Is Europe in north or south Latitude? 

3. In what Latitude is New Holland? 

4. In what Latitude is N. America? 

5. In what Latitude is S. America? 

6. In what Latitude is Asia? 

7. In what Latitude is Africa? 

8. In what Latitude is Nova Zembla? 

9. In what Latitude is Madagascar? 

10. In what Latitude is Bqrneo? 

11. In what Latitude is Cuba? 

12. In what Latitude is Newfoundland? 

13. In what Latitude is Niphon? 

14. In what Latitude is New Zealand? 

15. In what Latitude are the Sandwich Isles? 

16. In what Latitude is Ceylon? 


Note. 1. The pupil is not required in the above ques¬ 
tions to tell the degree of Latitude, but merely 
whether it is north or south. Questions of this sort 
should be asked until the pupil understands the sub¬ 
ject. 



100 


2. Previous to requiring the degree of Latitude, it 
will be useful to remark that there are 00 degrees 
north, and 90 south of the equator, and these degrees 
are marked on the edge of the hemispheres. At 
the equator is placed a cipher, for at the equator 
there is no Latitude. The fir st parallels uorth and 
south are marked 10, the second 2 . the 3d 30, the 
4th 40, the 5th 50, the fcth 60, the 7th 7 , the 8th 
80. The next ten degrees bring you to the poles, 
•which are 9- degrees from every part of the equator. 

3. When the Latitude of any place is required, first 
find the place, anjt then follow the parallel which 
runs nearest to it to either side of the map, keeping 
just as far from tl>e parallel as the place is. For in¬ 
stance, if you wish to find the Latitude of Ceylon, 
you w ill see that k parallel of north Latitude runs 
just north of it, follow the parallel and you will find 
it is the first parallel, marked 10 degrees^ and the 
north part of Ceylon is about one degree south of it. 
The parallel is 10 : degrees, and 1 degree must be 
deducted from 10 which leaves 9 for the Latitude of 
the place. 

17. In what degree of Latitude is Cape 
Horn? Cape of Good Hope? Cape Comorin? 
Cape St. Roque? Cape Farewell? Cape Sable? 
Cape Guardafui? North Cape? Icy Cape? Finis- 
terre? St. Lucas? 

Note. When no parallel runs through the island, 
always take the north point of it. 

18. In what degree of Latitude is Iceland? 
Ireland? St. Helena? Luzon? Sumatra? Socotra 
Madeira? Sicily? Newfoundland? Terra del 
Fuego? St. Domingo? Easter Isle? St. Thomas? 
Candia? Celebes? Formosa? Mauritius? Van 
Diemen’s Island? 

Note. Pay no regard to the names of places in finding 
their Latitude. The little cipher or o marks the 
place, and the name is sometimes at a considerable 
distance from it. 


101 


19. What is the Latitude of Boston? London? 
Canton? Goa? Buenos Ayres? Calcutta? Madrid? 
Archangel? New Orleans? Port Jackson or 
Botany Bay? Manilla? Pekin? Quebec? Jerusa¬ 
lem? Mecca? Sierra Leone? Rio Janeiro? Quito? 
Mexico? Valparaiso? Batavia? 

On the Map of North America. 

1. What is the Latitude of Cape St. Lucas? 
Cape Sable (in Nova Scotia)? Cape Cod? Cape 
Hatteras? Cape Farewell? Cape Prince of 
Wales? 

2. What is the Latitude of the Island of St. 
Johns? Nantucket? Bermudas? Porto Rico? Long 
Island? Tobago? Melville Island ( In the Arctic% 
Ocean)? 

3. What is the Latitude of Boston? New 
Orleans? Charleston S. C.? The mouth of Co¬ 
lumbia River? St. Johns (in Newfoundland)? 
New York? Havanna? Halifax? Nain? Porto 
Bello? Mobile? The mouth of Mackenzie’s 
River? Washington City? City of Mexico? Port 
au Prince? Montreal? Guatimala? 


On the Map of the United States. 

1. In what degree of Latitude is the north¬ 
ern boundary of Pennsylvania, Connecticut and 
Rhode Island? 

In what Latitude is the northern boundary of 
S. Carolina, Georgia, Alabama and Mississippi? 
The northern point of Michigan Territory? 
The northern point of Maine? 

The south of Arkansaw Territory? 


102 


The south of Delaware and Ohio? 

The north of Missouri? 

The south of Vermont and New Hampshire? 

The south of Virginia and Kentucky? 

The north of Maryland? 

2. In what degree of latitude is Boston? 
New Orleans? Detroit? Richmond? Savannah'* 
Pensacola? Philadelphia? St. Louis? Portsmouth** 
Dover? Raleigh? Baltimore? 

3. In what degree of latitude is Cape Hat- 
teras? C. Charles? C. May? C. Ann? C. Fear? 

4. In what latitude is the mouth of the Mis¬ 
souri? Of the Mississippi? Of the Merrimack? Of 
the Ohio? Of the Genesee? Of the Potomack? 
Of the Alabama? 

On the Map of South America. 

1. What is the latitude of Cape Horn? Cape 
St. Roque and Cape Blanco? Cape Vela? Cape 
North? Cape St. Maria? 

2. What is the latitude of the mouth of the 
Amazon? Orinoco? La Plata? Magdalena? 

3. What is the latitude of Trinidad Island 
and the city of Caraccas? The city of Cayenne? 
Pernambuco? Valparaiso? Quito? Santa Fe? San¬ 
ta Fe de Bogota? Lima? Rio Janeiro? Buenos 
Ayres? 

< 

On the Map of Europe. 

1. What is the latitude of the most southern 
land of Europe ( Candia)? What of the most 
northern? What of the north of Iceland? Of 
Denmark? Of France? Of Portugal? Of Scot¬ 
land? 


103 


2. What is the latitude of Majorca? Shet- 
lands? Isle of Man? Corsica? Zealand? Malta? 
Bornholm? Aland? Faro Islands? Cefalonia? 

3. What is the latitude of Bergen? Rome? 
Stockholm? Athens? Archangel? Cadiz? Edin¬ 
burgh? Lisbon? Petersburg? Constantinople? 
Copenhagen? Madrid? London? Venice? Dub¬ 
lin? Syracuse? Amsterdam? Vienna? Warsaw? 
Paris? Naples? Berne? 

On the Map of Asia. 

Note. The whole of Asia, except a few islands, lies 
north of the Equator. Asia is much larger than 
Europe, and, as the maps are of the same size, there 
must be more degrees between the parallels of the 
map of Asia than of Europe. 

1. What is the latitude of Cape Taymour? 
Cape Comorin? Cape Lopatka? 

2. * What is the latitude of the north of Ara¬ 
bia? The south of China? North of the Caspian 
Sea? The south of Malaya? North of the Persian 
Gulf? The north of Niphon? The mouth of the 
Obi? Of the Ho-ang-ho? Of the Indus? Of the 
Amour? 

3. What is the latitude of Calcutta? Ya¬ 
kutsk? Mocha? Symrna? Ummerapoora? Jed- 
do? Astracan? Rangoon? Batavia? Teheran? 
Bencoolen? 

On the Map of Africa. 

Note. As the Equator crosses Africa, part is in north 
and part in south latitude. The parallels are 10 
degrees apart. 

1. In what latitude is Cape Bou? Cape Guar- 
tJafui? Cape of Good Hope? Cape Verd? Cape 


104 


Blanco? The strait of Gibraltar? Mouth of Orange 
River? Of the Nile? Of the Zaire? Of the Gam¬ 
bia? 

2. In what latitude is Algiers? Cape Town? 
Sierra Leone? Tombuctoo? Gondar? Cairo? 

3. In what latitude is St. Jago (in the Cape 
Verds)? St. Helena? Teneriffe (in the Canaries)? 
St. Thomas? Socotra? The south of Madagas¬ 
car? 

LONGITUDE. 

What is longitude? (See page 6.) 

JYote 1. Longitude is usually reckoned from Lon¬ 
don. Find London on the map of the world, and 
follow the meridian that runs through it, until you 
come to the Equator, where you will find a cipher 
or o. From this meridian, which runs from pole to 
pole, you reckon distance either east or west. If 
you go west, you will find 180 degrees near the 
western edge of the western hemisphere, and that 
meridian is opposite the meridian of London, as 
may be shown on a globe. 

2. If you go east, you will find only 160 degrees on 
the eastern hemisphere, and the other 20, to make 
up the 180, or half globe, are on the western hem¬ 
isphere. (See the explanation of this, page 10, 
third paragraph .) 

3. On the map of the world, the meridians of longi¬ 
tude, like the parallels of latitude, are 10 degrees 
apart. In measuring the degrees, great care must 
be taken, for although the meridians almost touch 
each other at the poles, still there are 10 degrees 
between them. (See note , page 6, Q. 19.) 

4. To find the longitude of a place then, you must 
see how far it is from the nearest meridian, that is, 
whether it is half way, a fifth, nr a tenth, and then 
following the meridian to the Equator take a half, 
fifth or tenth part of the distance between the me¬ 
ridians there. A little practice will enable the eye 
to measure in this manner. 


105 


5. It will be seen that when the figures increase to 
the right hand, the longitude is east; and when the 
figures increase toward the left hand, the longitude 
is "west . 

On the Map of North America. 

Mote. This whole map is west of London, and of 
course every country on it is in w*st longitude from 
London. It is also entirely.in North latitude, so, 
that there is no equator to reckon longitude upon. 
In such cases the degrees are marked at the top 
and bottom of the map. If the meridian rut s off 
the side of the map. you must follow it up instead 
of down. This will be necessary in the first ques¬ 
tion. 

1. In what longitude is Cape Farewell? 
St. Johns (in N. F.)? Halifax? Boston? Cape 
Sable (Florida)? New Orleans? Melville Island? 
Cape St. Lucas? Mouth of Mackenzie’s River? 
Bhering’s Strait? Mouth of Columbia River 
City of Mexico? Havanna? The Bermudas? 

On the Map of the United States. 

1. Are the United States in east or west lon¬ 
gitude? 

2. How many degrees are the meridians 
apart? 


Mote. On some school maps the longitude west 
from London is marked at the bottom of the map, 
and the longitude east or west of Washington, the 
capital of the United States, is marked at the top. It 
was before remarked that all nations have a right to 
reckon from their own capital if they choose. 

3. In what degree of longitude from London 
is Cape Fear? Cape Cod? Savannah? N. York 
city? Baltimore? Washington city? Cincinnati? 
Detroit? 


106 


4. In what longitude from Washington is 
Mobile? Cape May? Portsmouth? New Orleans? 
Portland? Charleston (S'. C.)? 

On the Map of South America. 

1. In what longitude is the whole country? 
In what degree of longitude is Cape St. Roque* 
Cape Blanco? Cape Horn? Monte Video? Mouth 
of the Amazon? Quito? Panama? Valparaiso? Rio 
Janeiro? Pernambuco? 

On the Map of Europe. 

JVote. London, from which we reckon, is in Europe, 
and a part of Europe lies east and a part west of it. 
Here, as on the map of the world, the meridian of 
London or Greenwich is marked with a cipher, an 
all places exactly on this meridian have no longitude. 

1. In what degree of longitude is Constan¬ 
tinople? Madrid? Vienna? Archangel? Strait of 
Kaffa? Rome? Mt. Hekla? Riga? Amsterdam 
and Lyons? lvica? Moscow? Lisbon? Athens? 

On the Map of Asia. 

1. Is Asia in east or west longitude? 

2. In what degree of longitude is Calcutta? 
Mocha? Smyrna? Yakutsk? Jeddo? Batavia? Cape 
Comorin? Teheran? Delhi? Manilla? Port Jack- 
son? 


On the Map of Africa. 

1. Is Africa in east or west longitude? 

2. In what degree of longitude is Tunis? 
Cape Town? Sherbro Island? Tombuctoo? Gon- 


107 


dar? St. Helena? Teneriffe? Socotra? Alexan¬ 
dria? Mogadore {In Morocco)? 


LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE. 

On the Map of the World. 

1. What is the latitude and longitude of Cape 
Horn? Cape of Good Hope? South Cape of Van- 
diemen’s Island? Boston? London? Canton? Cape 
Lopatka? Calcutta? Cape Verd? Cape St. Lucas? 
Cape P. of Wales? Quebec? Bombayr Botany Bay? 
Cape Taymour? Caraccas? North Cape? Icy Cape? 

2. What city is in the 35th degree of N. latitude, 
and 37th degree of east longitude? 

3. What island is in 27 degrees S. lat. and 174 
east long.? 

Note. A small (°) over figures implies that they 
are degrees; thus 5®, 81®, for 5 degrees, &o. 

4. What city in 64° N. lat. and 38° E. long.? 

5. What island in 8° S. lat. and 14° W. long.? 

6. What city in 38° N- lat. and 24° E. long.? 

Note. If there be no place on the map of the world, 
you can see on that map which quarter of the world 
the place is in, and turn to the map of that quarter. 

What city in 41° N. lat. and 2° E. long.? 

What town in 60° N. lat. and 5° E. long.? 

What cape in 21° N. lat. and 17° W. long.? 
What city in 42° N. lat. and 70° W. long!? 
What settlement in 34° S. lat. & 151° >E. long.? 
What island in 21° S. lat. and 55° E. long.? 
What city in 44° N. lat. & half a decree W. long.? 
What city in 34° S. lat. and 58° W. long.? 

What city in 36° N. lat. and 6° W. long.? 

What city in 22$° N. lat. and 88$° E. long.? 
What town in 35° N. lat. and 25° E. long.? 
What city in 23° N. lat. and 113° E. long.? 


7. 

8 . 
9. 

10 . 

11 . 

12 . 

13. 

14. 

15. 

16. 

17. 

18. 


108 


19. What cape in 8° N.lat. and 78° E. long.? 

20. What city in 41° N. lat. and 29° E. long.? 

21. What city in 56° N. lat. and i2£° E. long.? 

22. What city in 29° N. lat. and 78° E. long.? 

23. What cape in 59^° N. lat. and 43° W. long.? 

24. What town in 38£° N. lat. and 29° W. long.? 

25. What town in 32|° N. lat. and 17° W. long.? 

26. W T hat city in 44° N. lat. and 8^° E. long.? 

27. What cape in 34^° S. lat. and 18^° E. long.? 

28. What town in 45° N. lat. and 63 W. long.? 

29. What city in 53° N. lat. and 10° E. long.? 

30. What cape in 52° N. lat. and 76° W. long.? 

31. What city in 23° N. lat. and 82° W. long.? 

32. What city in 23° S. lat. and 43° W. long.? 

33. What city in 36° N. lat. and 140° E. long.? 

34. What city in 32° N. lat. and 25° E. long.? 

35. What island in 34° N. lat. and 79° W. long.? 

36. What islands in 13° N. lat. and 143° E. long.? 

37. What city in 12° S. lat. and 77° W. long.? 

38. What city in 15° N. lat. and 121° E. long.? 

39. What city in 22° N. lat. and 41° E. long!? 

40. What city in 19° N. lat. and 100° W. long? 

41. What city in 56° N. lat. and 38° E. long.? 

42. What city in 41° N. lat. and 14° E. long.? 

43. What cape in 72° N. lat. and 26° E. long.? 

44. What city in 30° N. lat. and 90° W. long.? 

45. What city in 40° N. lat. and 116° E. long.? 

46. What island in 35£° N. lat. and 29° E. long.? 

47. What city in 42° N. lat. and 12^° E. long.? 

48. What city in 56^° N. lat. and 85° E. long.? 


£nd of part first. 




































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